LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 43 



(M.&P.), reddish brown, brownish black, or almost black, flat to convex, 

 tumid; asci 8-spored; spores brown, oblong or ellipsoid, 1 -septate, 29.7- 

 42.9 X 9.9-13.2 /.. 



On soil among mosses : Pierce Co. : Mt. Rainier, near Reflection Lakes, 

 5000 ft., 1942, 3585. Yakima Co. : Dewey Lake, 4800 ft., 1940. Whatcom 

 Co.: Ruth Mountain, 5500 ft., 1928, L. Sunquist 1865 (W). Olympic 

 Mountains, 5000 ft.. Piper 529 (W). Pierce Co.: Mt. Rainier Glacier 

 Basin, 1925, Grant (F). 



This species is easily recognized by the bright orange-colored under 

 surface ; a beautiful alpine lichen, not common. 



2. Solorina saccata (L.) Ach. Klg. Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 228. 1808. 

 Lichen saccatus Linn. Fl. Suec. 2nd ed., 419. 1755. 



Thallus foliose, pearl gray (M.&P.), Sudan (M.&P.), dogwood 

 (M.&P.), yellow beige (M.&P.), greenish gray, or brown, small to medium 

 sized, thin papery, rosette-like in shape, smooth to granular, sometimes 

 slightly whitish pruinose, lobes irregular in shape, margins entire to slightly 

 crenate; below paler with long concolorous rhizoids. Apothecia scattered, 

 1.0-5.0 mm. in diameter, immersed; disk dark brown, rose ebony, or almost 

 black, concave; asci 4-spored; spores brown, ellipsoid, 32.0-60.0 x 

 16.0-27.0 fx. 



On soil among mosses and rock : Whatcom Co. : Mt. Baker, 7000 ft., 

 Herre (1943). 



29. Nephroma Ach. Lich. Univ. 101. 1810. 



Thallus foHose, small to medium sized ; a well-developed pseudoparen- 

 chymatous cortex on both the upper and lower surfaces ; also definite algal 

 and medullary layers ; often closely attached to the substratum by rhizoids 

 that are well developed or rudimentary. Apothecia circular to reniform, 

 marginal, adnate to the lower surface of the upturned lobes of the thallus ; 

 proper margin thin, concolorous with the thallus, often disappearing; 

 thalline margin absent; hypothecium hyahne; paraphyses unbranched, 

 septate; asci 8-spored; hyaline or slightly brownish, 1-3-septate. 



Alga Palmella or Nostoc. 



A. Under surface tomentose, medulla white, no color change with KOH. 

 B. With white tubercules below, margins deeply and irregularly wavy. 



4. A^. resupinatum 



B. Without white tubercules below, margins fringed with tooth-like 



lobules 5. A^. resupinatum f. helveticum 



A. Under surface smooth to wrinkled. 



C. Medulla yellow, turns purple with KOH 3. N. lusitanicum 



C. Medulla white, no color change with KOH. 



D. Lobes sorediate at margins 2. N. laevigatum f. parile 



D. Lobes not sorediate at margins, margins sinuate-crenate. 



1. A'', laevigatum 



