52 LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



spores hyaline, nonseptate. A large and difficult genus. 

 Alga Protococcus. 



A. Usually on rock, rarely on soil. 



B. Thallus subfruticose 17. L. Pringlei 



B, Thallus squamulose. 



C. Squamules white edged 34. L. rubiformis 



D. Squamules ample, margins ascendant, white below with a few 



rhizoids 35. L. Russellii 



D. Squamules not so large, margins not noticeably ascendant, white 



below without rhizoids 33. L. ostreata 



C. Squamules black edged 26. L. protabacina 



C. Squamules brown edged, entire upper surface brown 32. L. lurida 



B. Thallus squamulose-areolate, edges raised, grayish black. 

 E. Black hypothallus prominent, marginal areoles not elongated. 



ILL. fuscoatra 



E. Black hypothallus not prominent, marginal areoles elongated. 



5. L. atrobrunnea 



B. Thallus areolate or granulose. 



F. Thallus some shade of yellow, orange, or red. 



G. Hypothecium light-colored, often hyaline 4. L. armeniaca 



G. Hypothecium dark-colored, brown or black. 



H. Limiting black hypothallus present ; medulla not blue with IKL 



2. L. albocaerulescens var. flavocaerulescens 

 H. Limiting black hypothallus present; medulla blue with IKL 



13. L. lapicida var. oxydata 

 F. Thallus never decidedly yellow, orange, or red. 



L Hypothecium light-colored, often hyaline 9. L. cyanea 



I. Hypothecium dark-colored, brown or black. 



J. Disk always conspicuously pruinose L L. albocaerulescens 



J. Disk never or only slightly pruinose. 



K. Thallus usually absent, spores poorly developed. 



7. L. auriculata var. diducens 

 K. Thallus usually present, spores well developed, rarely less 

 than 10 fi long. 

 L. Tips of paraphyses bluish black. 

 M. Hypothecium always dark brown. 



N. Paraphyses free 15. L. parasema 



N. Paraphyses coherent 18. L. vorticosa 



M. Hypothecium hyaline or yellow-brown. 



O. Thallus yellow with KOH, faint red with CaOClg. 



14. L. latypea 

 O. Thallus not yellow with KOH, but red with CaOCla- 



16. L. parasema var. theioplaca 

 L. Tips of paraphyses not bluish black. 



P. Thallus very thick, medulla blue with IKL 



12. L. lapicidia 



