76 LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



elongated, 2.0-6.0 x 0.5-1.0 mm. in diameter, almost cylindrical, pestle- 

 shaped ; asci 8-spored ; spores hyaline, fusiform or ellipsoid, sharp pointed, 

 19.0-24.0 X 4.0-7.0 /x. 



On rock: Pierce Co.: trail to Mowich Lake, 3500 ft., 1940, 3061. 

 Olympic Mountains, near Humes Glacier on Mt. Olympus, 5000 ft., 1907, 

 Frye 26 (W). Clallam Co.: Olympic Hot Springs, 1914, Foster 2886 

 (W). Mason Co. : Mt. Elinor, 1912, Foster 2096 (W). 



This is also an unmistakable lichen with its cylindrical or pestle-shaped 

 apothecia. 



40. Cladonia (Hill) Web. Hill, Hist. PI. 91. 1751 in part. Web. in Wigg. 



Prim. PI. Hols. 90. 1780. 



Primary thallus crustose, foliose, or squamulose, persistent or dying, 

 upper cortex present, lower cortex absent, algal and medullary layers well 

 defined, often sorediate, attached to the substratum by hyphal rhizoids. 

 Podetia radial, erect, arising from the primary thallus, differentiated into 

 an outer cortex containing algae, and an inner medullary layer, usually 

 hollow in the center, subcylindrical or widening towards the top to form 

 cups, simple or branched, decorticate, corticate, or sorediate, cortex smooth, 

 warty, or composed of continuous or scattered areoles, often dying at the 

 base. Apothecia of various shapes and sizes, terminal on the podetia or on 

 the cups or branches, sometimes short stalked; proper margin thin, soon 

 disappearing ; hypothecium hyaline or colored ; paraphyses unbranched, 

 agglutinated, rarely forked; asci 6-8-spored; spores hyaline, usually non- 

 septate, some species 1-3-septate. A large and difficult genus. 



Alga Protococcus or Cystococcus. 



Subgenus I. Cladina (Nyl.) Wainio — Primary thallus crustose, soon dis- 

 appearing, seldom seen. Podetia much and intricately branched, often 

 with the whorls of three or more branches, surrounding gaping axils; 

 no true cortex, surface arachnoid, without squamules or soredia; cup- 

 less. Apothecia rarely seen ; disk brown. 



A. Podetia in dense, irregularly branched masses. 



B. Podetia usually grayish, sometimes with greenish or brownish tips, 

 ultimate branches blunt, usually in groups of 3-6, KOH+, P+. 



3. CI. rangiferina 

 B. Podetia usually straw-yellow (R), sometimes with a pale greenish 

 tinge or whitish, tips of ultimate branches pointed, usually in groups 

 of 3-8, with frequent branches between the whorls. 



C. Podetia often with a greenish tinge, KOH — , P-f- 4 CI. sylvatica 



C. Podetia usually whitish, KOH — , P — 2. CI. mitis 



A. Podetia in rather regular, smooth, compact masses, almost white or 

 whitish gray, with a straw-yellow (R) cast, KOH — , P — . 



1. CI. alpestris 



Subgenus H. Pycnothelia Ach. — Primary thallus granular-crustose, per- 

 sistent. Podetia short not more than 1 inch long, stout, simple or with 



