LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 83 



inside and outside of the cups, these decorticate areas appear whitish. 

 Apothecia often absent, when present sessile on the margins of the cups, or 

 shortly stipitate, rather small and inconspicuous, sometimes conglomerate, 

 then as much as 4.0 mm. across; disk brown, flat to convex. KOH — , P+, 

 brick red. 



On soil, decaying wood, or on thin layer of soil over rock : Clallam Co. : 

 West Trail Elwha River, 1940, 2867h. Whatcom Co. : Mt. Baker, Galena, 

 3800 ft., 1931, 1184. Thurston Co. : Grand Mound, 1940, 2948. Pierce Co.: 

 White River Camp, 3900 ft., 1940, 3100; Mt. Rainier, Van Trump Park, 

 5000 ft., 1942, 3621; Berkeley Park, 6000 ft., 1940, 3022. Ferry Co.: San- 

 poil, 2360 ft., 3135; Gibraltar Mountain, 3783 ft., 1940, 3144. Grays 

 Harbor Co.: Copalis, 1910, Foster 1417 (W). San Juan Co.: Cypress 

 Island, 1928, 1962. 



The deep goblet form cups, the brick red color with paraphenylenedia- 

 mine, and the brown apothecia when present, the abundant soredia, inside 

 and outside the cups, make this an easy species to recognize. One of the 

 common and widely distributed lichens of this state. 



11. Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. Fl. Berol. Prodro. 361. 1787. 

 Lichen coccifera Linn. Sp. PI. 1151. 1753. 



Cladonia cornucopioides (L.) Fries. 



Primary thallus usually persistent, grayish green or yellowish green, 

 consisting of lacinate-lobed or crenate margined squamules, flat, slightly 

 involute, rarely sorediate on the margins, underside white or yellowish 

 white, rarely sorediate. Podetia concolorous with the primary thallus, often 

 solitary, sometimes clustered, short, erect, hollow, cylindrical, usually 

 simple, corticate throughout, not sorediate, areoles or verrucoles may be 

 somewhat separated in the upper part, rarely squamulose ; cups deep, 

 gradually dilating from a narrow base, proliferate, bearing either cups or 

 apothecia on the proliferations. Apothecia on the proliferations of the cups, 

 solitary or clustered, rather large, often 6.0 mm. across ; disk scarlet, con- 

 vex. KOH — , P — , no color change with either. 



On soil and rarely on decaying wood : San Juan Co. : San Juan Island, 

 1930, 510. Kitsap Co.: Hidden Ranch near Bremerton, 213 ft., 1931, 1720. 

 Mason Co.: Mt. Elinor, 1500 ft., 1912, Foster 2115 (W). Thurston Co.: 

 Gate, 1912, Foster 2004 (W). Spokane Co.: Spokane, 1908, T. A. Bonser 

 55 (W). 



This Cladonia is easily determined by the scarlet apothecia, growing on 

 the margins of the rather broad and deep cups. 



12. Cladonia coniocraea (Flk.) Spreng. in Linn. Syst. Veg. 16th ed., 4:272. 

 1827. 



Cenomyce coniocraea Flk. Deutschl. Lich. 138. 1821. 

 Cladonia fimbriata var. coniocraea (Flk.) Wainio. 



Primary thallus usually persistent, green, gray, olive-buff (R), or light 

 brown, consisting of digitately lobed, medium sized squamules, flat or 



