LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 97 



E. Apothecia angulate or stellate 1. U. angulata 



A. Thallus with no fibrils below. 

 F. Upper surface smooth. 



G. Thallus several-leaved (polyphyllous), black 7. U. polyphylla 



G. Thallus usually one-leaved, not black, but some shade of brown. 



6. U. phaea 



F. Upper surface not smooth. 



H. Upper surface reticulate-ridged, covered with hard white granules. 



2. U. decussata 



H. Upper surface not reticulated. 



I. Upper surface covered with a blackish scurf 3. U. deusta 



I. Upper surface pustulose or papillose 5. U. hyperborea 



1. Umbilicaria angulata Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 1 :266. 1848. 

 Gyrophora angulata (Tuck.) Herre, Cont. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13:318. 

 1911. 



Thallus tawny brown, purplish brown, gray, or black with a slight 

 bloom, small to medium sized, rarely large, one-leaved or at times many- 

 leaved, smooth, thick and ridged, irregular in shape, margins crenate; 

 below dark brown or black, rather densely granulose, much lacerated or 

 ridged towards the center, bearing numerous rather pale fibrils. Apothecia 

 rather rare, circular to angular, 1-3 mm. in diameter, adnate or subsessile; 

 disk black, plicate, flat to convex ; proper margin thick, persistent ; hypo- 

 thecium brown; asci 8-spored; spores hyaline, ellipsoid, nonseptate, 16.0- 

 23.0 X 7.0-14.0 /I. 



On rock : Jefferson Co. : Olympic Mountains, foot of Humes Glacier, 

 Queets River Valley, 5500 ft., 1907, Frye 42 (F). Fmk (1919) reports it 

 from the islands of Puget Sound. 



2. Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. Univ. 8:490, 1932. 

 Lichen decussatus Vill. Hist. PI. Dauphin 3:964. 1789. 



Gyrophora decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. 



Umbilicaria anthracina var. reticulata (Schaer.) Tuck. 



Thallus grayish brown or blackish brown, small to medium sized, one- 

 leaved, areolate, covered towards the center with reticulating ridges, the 

 ridges and often the surface between them, whitened with hard granules, 

 margins irregularly crenate; below smooth dark olive brown (R) or drab, 

 lighter than the upper surface, smooth to minutely granular, without 

 fibrils. Apothecia numerous, circular, 0.4-1.3 mm. in diameter, sessile; disk 

 black rarely somewhat plicate, concave to convex ; proper margin thick and 

 persistent ; hypothecium brown ; asci 8-spored ; spores hyaline, ellipsoid or 

 ovoid, nonseptate, 11.0-15.0 x 5.0-8.0 fi. 



On rock: Pierce Co.: Mt. Rainier, Frying Pan River, 3500 ft., 1931, 

 678a. Columbia Co.: Blue Mountains, 6300 ft., 1931, 1634. Washington 

 Territory, Cascade Mountains, Brandegee (F). 



