98 LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



This alpine species is easily recognized by the granules and ridges on 

 the upper surface. 



3. Umhilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. Fl. Lipsiens. 571. 1790. 

 Lichen deustus Linn. Sp. PI. 1150. 1753. 



Gyrophora deusta (L.) Ach. 



Umhilicaria hyperborea var. deusta (L.) Tuck. 



Umhilicaria flocculosa (Wulf.) Hoffm. 



Thallus dull brownish black or fuscous-black (R), small to medium 

 sized, thin and fragile, easily broken, one-leaved or sometimes several- 

 leaved, often deeply lobed, smooth or wrinkled, somewhat scurfy; below 

 almost concolorous with the upper surface, smooth or somewhat pitted 

 and lacunose, occasionally reticulately pitted and without fibrils. Apothecia 

 very rare. I have seen no fruiting material from North America. 



On rocks : San Juan Co. : San Juan Island, Friday Harbor, trail to 

 Heaven, 1940, 3244. Pierce Co. : Mt. Rainier, Frying Pan River, 3500 ft., 

 1931, 678. Chelan Co.: Rainbow Trail, 3500 ft., 1931, 1279. Ferry Co.: 

 Showers Butte near Repubhc, 1912, Foster 2305 (F). 



This Umhilicaria has no very distinctive characters, except perhaps the 

 thinness and fragileness of the thallus. 



4. Umhilicaria erosa (Web.) Ach. Klg. Vetensk-Akad. Nya Handl. 15 :87. 

 1794. 



Lichen erosus Web. Spicil. Fl. Goett. 259. 1778. 

 Gyrophora erosa (Web.) Ach. 



Thallus dark reddish brown or dull dark brown, medium sized, one- 

 leaved, rigid, surface wrinkled, reticulately cracked, these cracks often 

 breaking entirely through the thallus, thus forming open spots ; below pale 

 brown or black, more or less radiately ridged, ridges broken and perforated, 

 minutely granulose between the ridges, often bearing a few scattered fibrils. 

 Apothecia numerous, circular, many angled, or variously shaped, 0.5-1.4 

 mm. in diameter, adnate or subsessile; disk black, plicate, flat to convex; 

 proper margin thin and finally disappearing; hypothecium brown; asci 

 8-spored; spores hyaline, ellipsoid, nonseptate, 6.6-9.0 x 4.5-7.0 /x. 



On rock : Whatcom Co. : Ruth Mountain, 6800 ft., 1928, 1877. Yakima 

 Co. : American River Camp, 2800 ft., 1931, 947. Chelan Co. : White Rock 

 Camp, 2200 ft., 1931, 1052h; Rainbow Trail, 3800 ft., 1931, 1273. Ferry 

 Co.: Laurier, 1644 ft., 1931, 1420. Mason Co.: Mt. Elinor, 1912, Foster 

 2119 (F). 



The open spaces in the thallus, combined with the numerous apothecia, 

 make this a rather easy Umhilicaria to recognize. 



5. Umhilicaria hyperhorea (Ach.) Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. 110. 1796. 

 Lichen hyperboreus Ach. Klg. Vetensk-Akad. Nya Handl. 15 :87. 1794. 

 Gyrophora hyperhorea Ach. Meth. Lich. 104. 1803. 



