LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 129 



On bark: Pierce Co.: Silver Springs, 2670 ft., 1931, 722; Mt. Rainier, 

 Emmons Glacier Trail, 5000 ft., 1931, 661. Yakima Co.: Deadhorse Hill, 

 4500 ft., 1931, 981. Plate V, A. 



3. Parmelia lophyrea Ach. Meth. Lich. 198. 1803. 



Thallus ivory yellow (R) or deep olive-bufif (R), cartilaginous, flat, 

 thin, pitted, lobes sinuately many clefted, rather short, tips deeply retuse 

 to truncate ; below dark brown to black, cribrose, smooth with no rhizoids. 

 Apothecia medium to rather large sized, 2-8 mm. in diameter, sessile to 

 subpedicellate ; disk Dresden brown (R) or bay (R), folded, sinuose, 

 flexuose; thalline margin entire to subcrenate; asci 8-spored; spores hya- 

 line, globose, nonseptate, 3.6-4.0 /x in diameter. 



On trees: Pacific Co.: Loomis Lake, 1931, 740a; 1940, 2849. Wahkia- 

 kum Co.: Cathlamet, 1940, 2913. Grays Harbor Co.: Westport, 1908, 

 Foster 724 (F) ; Copalis, Foster 1911 (W). West Coast of North America, 

 Mensies (T). 



4. Parmelia physodes (L.) Ach. Meth. Lich. 153. 1803. 

 Lichen physodes Linn. Sp. PI. 1144. 1753. 



Thallus pale olive-gray (R), chamois (R), or ivory yellow (R), sub- 

 orbicular, flat and spreading, rather loosely attached to the substratum, 

 slightly inflated, irregularly divided into numerous narrow wavy lobes, 

 often becoming crowded in the center, the recurved ascendent tips often 

 abundantly sorediate below, on many of the lobes the black or brown under 

 surface shows as a border ; below black to reddish brown, often decidedly 

 brown at the tips, smooth, sometimes wrinkled, often shiny, rhizoids absent. 

 Apothecia rare, 3-8 mm. in diameter, sessile to subpedicellate ; disk reddish 

 brown, concave; thalline margin entire to crenate; asci 8-spored; spores 

 hyaline, sub-ellipsoid, nonseptate, 4.0-7.3 x 3.3-5.2 /i. 



On trees, dead branches, decaying logs, or rock : Pacific Co. : Chinook, 

 1931, 796. Mason Co.: Shelton, 1931, 1223. Kitsap Co.: Hidden Ranch, 

 near Bremerton, 213 ft., 1940, 3286. Snohomish Co.: Chase Sphagnum 

 Bog, 1940, 3334. Yakima Co.: Rattlesnake Canyon, 2000 ft., 1931, 1538. 

 Ferry Co.: Boyds, 1470 ft., 1931, 1438. Columbia Co.: Blue Mts., 3500 ft., 

 1931, 1623. Clallam Co.: Port Angeles, 1914, Foster 2646 (F) ; Sequim, 

 1915, /.M. Grant 213 (F). 



A common species, widely distributed, easily distinguished by the 

 dilated, ascendant, recurved tips, that are often sorediate on the under 

 surface. Plate IV, D. 



5. Parmelia tubulosa (Schaer.) Bitter, Hedwigia 40:179. 1901. 

 Parmelia ceratophylla var. tubulosa Schaer. Lich. Helvet. Spicil. sect. 



10. 459. 1840. 



Thallus is much like Parmelia physodes but the lobes are curved, erect 

 and remarkably tubular, shaped much like a trumpet, the open ends filled 

 with soredia. Apothecia very rare, sterile in this state. 



