136 LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



Thallus ivory yellow (R), deep olive-buff (R), or rarely tawny-olive 

 (R), cartilaginous-membranaceous, reticulate-rimose, lacunose, thallus 

 often cracked along the reticulations and on the margins, these cracks are 

 usually filled with soredia, also scattered rounded or oblong masses of 

 soredia, lobes rather broader than P. saxatilis, oblong to linear, pinnately 

 branched, often imbricated, with wavy or roundly dentate margins, tips 

 broad, never isidiose ; below black, sometimes brown towards the margins, 

 densely beset with stiff, black rhizoids. Apothecia rare, 1-6 mm, in diameter, 

 sessile; disk chestnut brown, concave to deeply convex; thalline margin 

 entire but often sorediate ; asci 8-spored ; spores hyaline, ellipsoid, non- 

 septate, 10.0-16.5 X 6.6-8.2 /x. 



On trees, wood, and rarely on rock : San Juan Co. : Brown Island, 1940, 

 3263; Orcas Island, Mt. Constitution, 2500 ft., 1928, 2052. Pacific Co.: 

 Loomis Lake, 1931, 441. Kitsap Co.: Hidden Ranch, near Bremerton, 213 

 ft, 1930, 546a. Island Co.: Whidbey Island, 1931, 1772. Chelan Co.: 

 Wenatchee Lake, 1800 ft., 1940, 3166. Island Co. : Whidbey Island, Langley, 

 1923, /. M. Grant (F). Clallam Co.: Sequim, 1916, J. M. Grant 815 (F). 

 Snohomish Co.: Marysville, 1927, /. M. Grant (F). Chelan Co.: Blewett 

 Pass, 4071 ft., 1929, /. M. Grant (F). Spokane Co.: Spokane, 1906, T. A. 

 Bonser 8 (F). 



Collected more frequently than P. saxatilis, which it resembles quite 

 closely, but from which it can be easily distinguished by the abundant 

 soredia. Plate VI, B. 



21. Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. Meth. Lich. 216. 1803. 

 Lichen caperatus Linn. Sp. PL 1147, 1753. 



Thallus old gold (R), pale dull green-yellow (R), or deep olive-buff 

 (R), coriaceous-membranaceous, forming an orbicular or irregular mat, 

 closely attached to the substratum, rough and wrinkled, plicate, somewhat 

 lacunose, sometimes abundantly sorediate, or rarely bearing coralloid 

 branches, lobes short and broad, slightly imbricated, margins sinuose, often 

 sorediate, tips rounded, entire or crenate ; below purplish brown or black, 

 with abundant rhizoids near the center, margins smooth and shiny, brown, 

 without rhizoids. Apothecia rare, 1-8 mm. in diameter, sessile; disk chest- 

 nut-brown, concave to deeply concave; thalline margin entire, becoming 

 crenulate and finally sorediate, or isidiose ; asci 8-spored ; spores hyaline, 

 ellipsoid, nonseptate, 12.0-20.0 x 7.5-9.0 fx.. Thallus shows no color change 

 with paraphenylenediamine. 



On bark or wood, more rarely on rock or moss : Walla Walla Co. : 

 Wallula, 200 ft., Foster 293 (F). 



A rare lichen in Washington, but very common in other parts of the 

 United States. 



22. Parmelia crinita Ach. Syn. Meth. Lich. 196. 1814. 



