142 LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



with occasional, small, scattered patches of white soredia, margins crenale, 

 sinuate, or lacerate, usually covered with prominent white soredia; below 

 paler, wrinkled, with scattered rhizoids. Apothecia rare, marginal or sub- 

 marginal, small, 0.5-1.5 mm. in diameter, adnate to sessile; disk chestnut- 

 brown (R), concave to convex; thalline margin entire or crenulate; spores 

 hyaline, ellipsoid, nonseptate, 7.0-9.0 x 3.5-6.0 /x. 



On trees, fallen limbs, and fences ; more rarely rock or in a thin layer 

 of soil over rock : Pacific Co. : Long Beach, 1940, 2936. Snohomish Co. : 

 Chase Bog, 1940, 3341. King Co. : Edgewood, 300 ft., 1940, 3083a. Thurs- 

 ton Co.: Grand Mound, 1940, 2977. Kittitas Co.: Easton, 2168 ft., 1931, 

 848. Yakima Co.: Bumping Lake, 3400 ft., 1931, 930. Chelan Co.: Rain- 

 bow Trail, 3800 ft., 1931, 1280. Ferry Co. : Mt. Gibraltar, near RepubHc, 

 3100 ft., 1940, 3156. Grays Harbor Co.: Westport, 1908, Foster 663 (F). 

 Clallam Co. : Dungeness, 1913, Foster 2549 (F). Klickitat Co. : Goldendale, 

 1909, Foster 1160 (W). San Juan Co.: Friday Harbor, 1906, Fink 77 

 (W). Herre (1917) reports this species from Whatcom Co., "on twigs and 

 old fences in the lowlands." 



A common bark lichen, rather widely distributed. It is usually some 

 shade of brown, with conspicuous white soredia on the margins. 



9. Cetraria cucullata (Bellard.) Ach. Meth. Lich. 293. 1803. 

 Lichen cucullatus Bellard. Observo. Bot. 54. 1788. 



Thallus pale yellow, cream-buff (R), cinnamon-buff (R), or dark olive- 

 buff (R), at times reddish purple towards the base, fruticose, erect, tufted, 

 smooth or slightly lacunose, dull, margins undulate, dentate, or crenate, 

 often meeting to form a tube, more rarely flattened. Apothecia 5-10 mm. in 

 diameter, usually terminal, adnate to the lower side of the lobe ; disk reddish 

 brown, often much dilated ; thalline margin thin, entire or undulate ; spores 

 hyaline, ellipsoid, nonseptate, 8.0-9.0 x 3.0-4.0 fx. 



On soil: Olympic Mountains, 6000 ft., 1915, /. M. Grant (F). 



A rare species, found only in the high mountain meadows. 



10. Cetraria hiascens (Fries) Th. Fr, Lich. Scand. 1 :98, 1871-74. 

 Cetraria aculeata var. hiascens Fries, Lich. Europ. Reform. 36. 1831. 

 Cetraria islandica var. Delisei Bory. 



Thallus reddish brown, sepia (R), tawny-olive (R), Isabella color (R), 

 or chamois (R), many lobed, flat or partly connivent, lacunose, much 

 branched toward the tips, margins dentate, crenulate, or sparingly spinu- 

 lose toward the tips, entire near the base ; below paler and frequently bear- 

 ing slightly sunken, round sorediate areas. Apothecia terminal or marginal, 

 3-6 mm. in diameter, adnate to the upper surface of the lobes ; disk pale or 

 dark chestnut-brown (R), concave to flat ; thalline margin entire or dentate; 

 spores hyaline, ellipsoid, nonseptate, 4.0-8.0 x 2.0-6.0 ft. Thallus unchanged 

 in color with IKI. 



