LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 149 



Thallus grayish-olive (R), light brownish olive (R), or pale yellow, 

 shrubby, stiff, erect or prostrate, lobes subterete, angular, rarely flattened, 

 long pitted, with a somewhat cracked cortex, rough and scurfy, tips of 

 branches acuminate, soredia abundant, sterile in the state. 



On trees and fences: Klickitat Co. : Goldendale, 2000 ft., 1931, 1702. 



58. Letharia (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. Hedwigia 31 :34. 1892. 



Thallus yellow or yellowish green, fruticose, erect or pendulous, much 

 branched, branches subterete, with a thin irregular plectenchymatous 

 cortex surrounding the algal layer and the medulla, medulla cobweb-like 

 with strong medullary cords running through it, attached to the substratum 

 by a holdfast. Apothecia circular large to very large, subterminal or termi- 

 nal, pedicellate; thalline margin prominent; hypothecium hyaline; para- 

 physes stout, unbranched; asci 8-spored; spores hyaUne, nonseptate. 



1. Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue Nouv. Archiv. du Museum ser. 4. 1:57. 

 1899. 

 Lichen vulpinus Linn. Sp. PI. 1155. 1753. 

 Evernia vulpina (L.) Ach. 



Thallus tufted, lemon yellow (R) or various shades of yellow -green 

 (R), erect, rarely pendulous, radial, rather stiff, subterete, angular, rugose, 

 lacunose, dichotomously much branched, branches divergent, wider at the 

 base, acuminate, tips often forked, frequently sorediate. Apothecia large, 

 terminal or subterminal, 15-20 mm. in diameter, pedicellate; disk chestnut- 

 brown (R), concave; thalline margin wrinkled, sometimes fringed with a 

 number of fiber-like branches; spores hyaline, ellipsoid, nonseptate, 6.0- 

 11,0 X 4.0-5.3 fi. 



On trees and fallen branches of trees, more rarely on fence rails : San 

 Juan Co. : San Juan Island, Trout Lake, 1940, 3218. Thurston Co. : Gate, 

 1940, 2958. Kitsap Co.: Hidden Ranch near Bremerton, 213 ft., 1930, 

 1879. Pierce Co. : Mt. Rainier, Summerland, 6500 ft., 1931, 685. Yakima 

 Co.: Rattlesnake Canyon, 2000 ft., 1931, 1539. Chelan Co.: Merritt, 2186 

 ft, 1931, 1071. Okanogan Co.: Wauconda Summit, 4310 ft., 1931, 1399b. 

 Spokane Co.: Mt. Spokane, 5808 ft., 1931, 1488. Whitman Co.: Tekoa 

 Mountains, 2900 ft., 1931, 1605. Columbia Co. : Blue Mountains, 3500 ft., 

 1931, 1624. San Juan Co. : San Juan Island, Mt. Alice, 1906, Fink 433 

 (W). Clallam Co.: Port Angeles, Birds, 1914, Foster 266 (W). Klickitat 

 Co.: Goldendale, 1909, Foster 1157 (W). 



A very common and conspicuous species east of the Cascades, wherever 

 Pinus ponderosa grows. A rare lichen west of the Cascades. Plate VII, D. 



59. Alectoria Ach. Lichenogr. Univers. 120. 1810. 



Thallus straw color, greenish gray, or almost black, fruticose, fila- 

 mentous, tufted, subterete to terete, erect or pendent, forming tangled hair- 



