25. CALOPLACACEAE 



Thallus crustose, foliose, or squamulose, dorsi-ventral, little or no dif- 

 ferentiation into definite layers, attached to the substratum by hyphal 

 rhizoids, no true rhizoids. Apothecia circular, scattered, immersed, adnate 

 or sessile, with either a thalline or a proper margin or both ; asci 4-8-spored, 

 usually 8-spored ; spores hyaline, rarely nonseptate, usually polar-bilocular, 

 sometimes 2- or 3-septate. Epithecium and thallus usually violet, purple, or 

 some shade of red with KOH. 



Alga Protococcus. 



A. Apothecium always has a thalline margin 65. Caloplaca 



A. Apothecia never has a thalline margin 64. Blastema 



64. Blastenia Mass. Atti. Istit. Veneto ser. 2, 3 :101. 1852. 



Thallus crustose, smooth to powdery, scaly, squamulose, rarely areolate, 

 usually no differentiation into layers. Apothecia small, circular, immersed, 

 adnate, or sessile ; with a proper margin ; hypothecium hyaline ; paraphyses 

 unbranched, septate, enlarged, and rounded at the tips; asci 4-8-spored; 

 spores hyaline, usually polar-bilocular, rarely nonseptate. 



1. Blastenia atrosanguinea (Merrill) Fink Lich. Flora of the U.S. 353. 

 1935. 

 Lecanora atrosanguinea Merrill Ottawa Nat. 117. 1913. 



Thallus pale greenish-gray, granulose, thin, scattered, scaly. Apothecia 

 small, 0.4-1.0 mm. in diameter, sessile; disk reddish-brown to black, flat; 

 proper margin concolorous, thin, entire or wavy ; asci 8-spored ; spores hya- 

 line, ovoid-ellipsoid to oblong, polar-bilocular, 10.0-16.0 x 5.0-7.0 /x. 



On bark: Fink (1935) reports it from Washington. Herre (1917) 

 reports it as not rare on Acer circinatum in Whatcom County. 



65. Caloplaca Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 1 :167. 1871-74. 



Thallus crustose, foliose, or squamulose, granulose or areolate, margi- 

 nally lobed, rarely showing differentiation into definite layers. Apothecia 

 minute, small to medium sized, circular, rarely immersed, adnate or sessile ; 

 with both proper and thalline margins, or with only thalline ; hypothecium 

 hyaline; paraphyses unbranched, septate, usually with enlarged rounded 

 tips; asci 8-spored; spores hyaline, usually polar bilocular, some species 

 nonseptate or 3-septate. 



A. Thallus yellow, yellowish brown, or orange, rarely gray. 

 B. Thallus marginally lobed or subfoliose. 

 C. Lobes branched. 



D. Lobes linear, much branched 7. C. elegans 



D. Lobes shorter and wider, marginally plicate or 



imbricate 9. C. murorum 



(162) 



