166 LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



thick, raised, entire or slightly crenulate; spores hyaline, ellipsoid, polar- 

 bilocular, 10.0-14.0 x 5.0-7.0 fi. Both epithecium and thallus purple with 

 KOH. 



On rocks: San Juan Co.: Brown Island, 1928, 2091, 1940, 3254. 



9. Caloplaca murorum (Hofifm.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 1:170. 1871-74. 

 Lichen murorum Hoffm. Enum. Lich. 63. 1784. 

 Placodium murorum (Hoffm.) DC. 



Thallus bright yellow or ochraceous-orange, foliose or squamulose, 

 orbicular, often areolate, and verrucose toward the center, definitely lobed 

 at the margins, lobes rather short and somewhat branched, or the whole 

 thallus may be verrucose or squamulose without a definite margin, closely 

 attached to the substratum. Apothecia 0.5-1.0 mm. in diameter, subsessile 

 to sessile ; disk concolorous with the thallus, concave to nearly flat ; thalline 

 margin crenulate; spores hyaline, ovoid-ellipsoid, polar-bilocular, 12.9-15.9 

 X 4.9-7.0 IX. Both epithecium and thallus purple with KOH. 



On rocks : San Juan Co. : Turn Island, 1928, 2093. Yakima Co. : Dead- 

 horse Hill, 4500 ft., 1931, 979; gulch near Naches, 1350 ft., 1931, 909; 

 1940, 3176. Chelan Co.: butte near Chelan, 200 ft., 1931, 1358. Douglas 

 Co.: Lower Grand Coulee, 1100 ft., 1931, 1527. Garfield Co.: Pomeroy, 

 1860 ft., 1931, 1572. 



Much of the yellow and bright orange color on rocks in the state is due 

 to various species of Caloplaca. C. elegans and C. murorum are especially 

 beautiful and showy lichens. Plate XI, D. 



26. TELOSCHISTACEAE 



Thallus foliose, dorsi-ventral, well developed plectenchymatous layer or 

 longitudinal hyphae form upper and lower cortices, distinct or indistinct 

 algal and medullary layers ; or rarely fruticose, radial, differentiated into a 

 plectenchymatous cortex, surrounding the algal and medullary layers, 

 attached to the substratum by rhizoids or by a definite holdfast. Apothecia 

 circular, scattered, marginal, or terminal, sessile; proper margin absent, 

 thalline margin present; asci 8-spored; spores hyaline, polar-bilocular or 

 3-septate. Epithecium usually violet, purple, or some shade of red with 

 KOH. 



Alga Protococcus. 



66. Xanthoria Th. Fr. Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3, 3 \66. 1861. 



Thallus bright colored, usually yellow or orange, foliose, prostrate and 

 appressed, or somewhat ascending, imbricately lobate, smooth or rough, 

 sometimes fibrillose, dorsi-ventral, with a well developed plechtenchymatous 

 cortex on both surfaces, indistinct algal layer and loosely interwoven 

 medullary layer, attached to the substratum by rhizoids. Apothecia minute 

 to medium sized, circular, scattered or marginal, sessile to subsessile; 



