186 



LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



Radiate. Spreading outward from a cen- 

 ter. 



Reflexed. Turned up or back. 



Reticulate. Marked by lines, ridges, or 

 veins, that cross each other as in a net ; 

 resembling a network. 



Reticulate-lacunose. A network of pits. 



Reticulate-rimose. A network of cracks or 

 chinks. 



Retuse. With a very shallow notch or 

 sinus in a rounded apex. 



Revolute. Rolled back ; edges or margins 

 rolled backward, downward, or out- 

 ward. 



Rhizoid. Rhizina, a single hypha or a 

 bundle of hyphae, an outgrowth from 

 the lower cortex, extending downward 

 from the lower surface of the thallus, 

 serving to attach the lichen to the sub- 

 stratum. 



Rimose. Having numerous cracks or 

 chinks. 



Rimose-areolate. A surface cracked or 

 chinked; marked off into definite areas. 



Rufescent. Becoming reddish. 



Rugose. Wrinkled. 



Rugose-plicate. Wrinkled and plaited. 



Rugulose. Finely wrinkled. 



Scurf. Any bran-like, flaky, or scaly parti- 

 cles on a surface. 



Scutate. Circular in outline ; shield-shaped. 



Scypha. Scyphus, cup-like dilation of the 

 podetium. 



Scyphiform. Cup-like or forming a cup. 



Semiorbicular. Half-round ; hemispheri- 

 cal. 



Septate. Divided by a partition or septum. 



Septum. Cross-wall ; partition. 



Serrate. Having a saw-toothed-like edge 

 or margin. 



Serrulate. Minutely serrate. 



Sessile. Without a stem or stipe. 



Silky. Covered with close-fitting, shiny 

 fibrils ; or with long, slender, close- 

 pressed, glistening hairs. 



Simple. Of one piece or series, opposed to 

 compound. 



Sinuate. With a deep wavy edge or mar- 

 gin. 



Soralium. A group of soredia surrounded 

 by a definite margin. 



Sordid. Dirty; dingy. 



Sorediose. Bearing soredia. 



Soredium. Sorede, a single algal cell or a 

 group of algal cells wrapped around 

 with fungal hyphae, which when set 

 free from the parent thallus grows into 

 a new thallus. 



Spatulate. Oblong with attenuated base. 



Spermagonium. A minute cavity more or 

 less embedded in the thallus, bearing 

 the spermatia. 

 Spermatium. Nonmotile, male gamete. 



Spinulose. Beset with spines. 



Spongiose. Spongy. 



Spore. The asexual reproductive cell. 



Spuriose. Spurious, false. 



Squama. A scale. 



Squamose. Scaly. 



Squamule. A small scale. 



Squamulose-aerolate. With areolate mi- 

 nute scales. 



Squamulose. With minute scales. 



Squarrose. With spreading hairs or scales. 



Sterigma. A tiny extension upon which 

 spermatia are born. 



Stipe. A stem or stalk. 



Strigose. With rather coarse, long, stiff 

 hairs. 



Stroma. A cushion-like body, made of 

 hyphae, in which fruit-bodies are de- 

 veloped. 



Stromatic. Pertaining to or resembling a 

 stroma. 



Sub-, Prefix. Almost ; somewhat ; under. 



Subglobose. Almost spherical. 



Substrate. Substratum, the substance or 

 material to which a lichen is attached. 



Subulate. Awl-shaped, linear, tapering to 

 a fine point. 



Sulcate. Furrowed; grooved; having long 

 narrow depressions ; open channels ; 

 narrow fissures. 



Symbiont. One of two dissimilar organ- 

 isms living together. 



Symbiosis. A living together of dissimilar 

 organisms, usually with mutual benefit. 



Symbiotic. Living in that relationship 

 called symbiosis. 



Tartareous. Having a thick more or less 

 crumbling surface. 



Terete. Round; smooth; with a circular 

 transverse section. 



Thalline. Having the nature of a thallus. 



Thalline margin. Thalline exciple, an 

 apothecial margin always continuous 

 with the thallus and having the same 

 structure and color as the thallus ; con- 

 taining algal cells. 



Thalloid. Having the nature or form of 

 a thallus. 



Thallus. Vegetative body consisting of 

 algal and fungal symbionts. 



Thecium. See hymenium. 



Tomentose. Tomentous, densely covered 

 with a matted woolliness or tomentum. 



Tomentum. A layer composed of long, 

 soft, entangled, matted hairs or fibrils, 

 like wool. 



Transverse. Cross-wise. 



Trichomatic hyphae. Hair-like down that 

 occurs on the upper surface of the thal- 

 lus of certain species of Peltigera. 



Truncate. Appearing as if cut off at the 

 end; square; straight. 



