LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



187 



Tubercle. Any knob-like or wart-like 

 elevation of the surface. 



Tuberculate. Having tubercules. 



Tubular. Cylindrical and hollow. 



Tumid. Inflated; swollen. 



Turgid. Filled out ; rigid. 



Umbilicate. Having an umbilicus. 



Umbilicus. A single group of strong, 

 closely united hyphae, by which the 

 thallus is attached to the substratum. 



Undulate. Bending ; wavy ; having a mar- 

 gin that bends slightly inward and out- 

 ward. 



Uniserial. Uniseriate, one-rowed. 



Urceolate. Hollow and contracted at the 

 mouth; pitcher-like or urn-like. 



Vacuolate. Having vacuoles. 



Vaulted. Arched like the roof of the 



mouth. 

 Vegetative. Growing; food-absorbing. 

 Veined. Having raised lines or vein-like 



wrinkles on the surface. 

 Veins. Raised lines or swollen wrinkles on 



the surface. 

 Ventricose. Enlarged or swollen in the 



middle. 

 Verruca. An elevation or wart on the sur- 

 face. 

 Verrucosa. Verrucous, having warts; 



warted ; warty. 

 Villose. Covered with long, soft hairs 



that are not interwoven. 



