Vlll A MANUAL OF THE ASPERGILLI 



aggregate, the name will be found in the check list with any information 

 at hand. Large gaps in our information about the Aspergilli still exist. 

 Some of these are pointed out in the text. The great activity of the 

 present day will undoubtedly render any arrangement of the Aspergilli 

 obsolete sooner or later, but it is believed that the classification put forward 

 here is at least temporarily practical. 



Recognizing that any species name for an Aspergillus appearing at any 

 time in the literature may at some future time become important for 

 some unanticipated reason, an alphabetical check list giving each of the 

 names found, the author, the date, and the place of publication has been 

 included. An index reference to page in the manual, or the method of 

 disposal of the name, is added to bring the material to its greatest usefulness 

 as a ready reference. 



Two types of bibliography are presented: a general bibliography, 

 alphabetical to author's name and sub-indexed as to date of publication 

 when necessary, includes authors of species and other investigators whose 

 work is cited in the text. In addition, a topical bibliography is presented. 

 Although incomplete, it is hoped that the latter will assist greatly in the 

 search for special literature on particular subjects. Believing that the 

 more recent literature on these subjects will generally be of the greatest 

 interest and value, the material is presented chronologically. Duplication 

 between the two bibliographies may or may not occur. 



A manual, if it is to facilitate the identification of these molds by the 

 actual worker in the laboratory, must present descriptive and illustrative 

 material in as simple form as seems consistent with sound scholarship. 

 From our present point of view, the describer of a mold must know that 

 mold in fruiting form under the microscope as known to the early my- 

 cologists, and. know it also in the culture tube. It must be isolated as a 

 pure culture and its life history and reactions followed out upon laboratory 

 media. Its definite place in some one of the aggregate species or groups of 

 Aspergilli should be thoroughly established; then, by careful study and 

 comparison proper nomenclature should not prove difficult. 



This manual, then, seeks to serve two purposes: (1) to provide the worker 

 encountering an Aspergillus with means for its identification, and hence to 

 open to him the whole literature of the group, as well as the particular 

 species; and (2) by enumerating all forms found in the literature, and 

 indicating their proper allocation, to guide the user of that literature in 

 the interpretation of names found in his reading but not known to him in 

 nature, in culture, or in exsiccati. 



The authors acknowledge the cooperation of Dr. Johanna Westerdijk, 

 Dr. F. H. van Beyma, and their colleagues at the Centraalbureau voor 

 Schimmelcultures, at Baarn, Holland, in the free exchange of cultures and 



