THE ASPERGILLUS GLAUCUS GROUP 137 



mostly 1,000 to 1,500m, rarely longer, broadening to 16 to 20// below the 

 vesicle; vesicle subglobose, 40 to 50/x in diameter (fig. 35 B); sterigmata in 

 a single series, crowded, 8 to 10/x by 3 to 4m; conidia elliptical to pyriform, 

 colorless, spinulose, 6 to 8m in long axis. 



The cultural description is based upon NRRL No. 127 of this collection 

 as type; this is duplicated by XRRL No. 130 received from Baarn in 1938 

 as Aspergillus glaucus Link mut. alba Bloch. Culture NRRL No. 128, 

 received in 1935 from George Smith and Raistrick and by them from 

 Biourge as .4. albidus Speg., differs from type by consistently producing a 

 greater quantity of conidial heads which are commonly of smaller size; 

 the ascosporic stage of the two is indistinguishable. Apparently the name 

 "albidus" is a manuscript use in which Spegazzini's variety (1899) has been 

 raised to species rank, presumably by Biourge. Blochwitz' mutation albus 

 assigned to .4. glaucus is untenable, because no definite organism can be 

 designated as A. glaucus. Furthermore, the specific name albus applied to 

 an Aspergillus has already been used in another section of the genus. 



It is possible that Blochwitz (1932c) is right in regarding this as a muta- 

 tion, but there is nothing to indicate which particular large-spored form is 

 the parent species. The strain maintains its identity in culture and hence 

 must be regarded as a species. Yuill (1939), in contrast, has described 

 white mutants of A. nidulans and A . fumigatus and has properly designated 

 them as mutants, for they appeared in cultures under observation and are 

 known to have been derived from typical chromogenic strains. 



THE ASPERGILLUS RESTRICTUS SERIES 



Thorn and Church (1926) called this series the "Intermediate Forms" 

 between the A. glaucus and the A. fumigatus groups. George Smith, wish- 

 ing to emphasize the resemblance of the conidial apparatus to the monover- 

 ticillate Penicillia called the lot the A. penicilloides group (1931), thus 

 suggesting Spegazzini's species as the typical member. However, the 

 important relationship indicated by the structure of the conidial apparatus 

 is not with Penicillium but with the A. glaucus group of which these forms 

 appear to be merely reduced members. All of these forms, like many of 

 the A. glaucus forms, grow characteristically under conditions of physiolog- 

 ical drought — represented by their frequency upon mildewed textiles as 

 studied by Smith (1928) and Galloway (1930) or in concentrated cane 

 products as reported by Owen (1923). Similarly we have found them in 

 many situations in which physiological drought is attained by physical 

 dryness or osmotic concentration attained by the presence of high per- 

 centage of sugar or sodium chloride. 



This natural relationship is on the whole better indicated by accepting 

 Smith's .4. restrictus as typical, and regarding the other known members 



