186 A MANUAL OF THE ASPERGILLI 



closely resembling those of the A. nidulans group have been seen in occa- 

 sional strains. No sclerotia or perithecia are found, but clamydospores in 

 solid substrata are reported. 



A typical member of our series of isolations was sent to Bainier who con- 

 curred in our interpretation of his species. 



Reduced conidial apparatus appears in varying degree in all strains of 

 A. sydowi examined. In typical strains, primary sterigmata, with their 

 clusters of secondaries each bearing a chain of conidia, are found singly 

 or variously grouped along trailing aerial hyphae. In other strains there is 

 a progressive development of aerial mycelium, in the form of trailing hyphae 

 either single or in ropes, coupled with a reduction in the number of typical 

 A. sydowi heads. Strains are even occasionally seen in which only a few 

 A. sydowi conidiophores and heads are found in what is otherwise a penicil- 

 lium-like colony. Thus a series of strains exists which shows a fairly com- 

 plete gradation from Bainier and Sartory's Sterigmatocystis sydowi to 

 Penicillium restrictum of Gilman and Abbott. We are led to believe that 

 the latter species should probably be assigned to this section of the genus 

 Aspergillus. 



While morphologically very close to A. versicolor, A. sydowi is easily pre- 

 sumptively recognized by the characteristic blue-green color of its conidial 

 heads and the red colors in the substratum. A partial list of the sources of 

 the isolations studied includes soil in Washington, D. C, Illinois, Manitoba, 

 Florida, and Ceylon; moldy silk from a stocking factory; concentrated sugar 

 products from Louisiana; dried fish in Japan; and bee-hives in Michigan. 

 It is world-wide in distribution and very adaptable to substrata of widely 

 different nature. 



Probable Synonyms 



Aspergillus tiraboschii Carbone (Atti d. Inst. Bol. Univ. Pavia Ser. II. Vol. XIV, 

 p. 320, 1914) is described in the colors of A. versicolor but with the head of A. sydowi. 

 It would appear to be more or less intermediate but, unless reisolated, must be 

 dropped because of incomplete data. 



Sterigmatocystis tunetana Langeron (Bull. Soc. Path. Exot. 17: 345-347, text fig., 

 1924) . This mold was recorded as isolated from an ulcer of the hand but failed to 

 produce lesions in animal tests; as described the colonies were blue-green as in 

 A. sydowi. 



A. sydowi var. achlamydosporus Nakazawa, Simo and Watanabe (Jour. Agr. Chem. 

 Soc. Japan 10(2): 178-179. 1934). The absence of chlamydospores (htille cells ?) 

 in a strain of A. sydowi is hardly a sound basis for separation. 



Sterigmatocystis cyaneus Mattlet (Ann. Soc. Belg. Med. Trop. 6: 32, 1926) was 

 described without data to separate it from A. sydowi. 



S. cameleo Sartory, Sartory, and Meyer (Ann. Mycol. 29: 360-361, PI. Ill, figs. 7-8. 

 1930) by description must have been some strain of A . sydowi although the very small 

 smooth conidia do not agree. It may possibly represent a form near A. humicola as 

 described by Chaudhuri and Sachar (see p. 193). 



