216 A MANUAL OF THE ASPERGILLI 



II. Sterigmata in one series (Secondary sterigmata occasional in some strains) 



Aspergillus luchuensis series 



A. Colonies black or black-brown. 



1. Sterigmata 6 by 3/* (very short) A. luchuensis Inui 



2. Sterigmata about 15 to 20/xconidia 3 to 3.5yu.. .A. nanus Montagne 



and/or A. subfuscus Johan-Olsen 



B. Colonies in reddish-brown shades. 



1. Conidia globose A. japonicus Saito 



2. Conidia elliptical A. violaceo-fuscus Gasperini 



Because of their great abundance in nature, the series most closely- 

 related to and including van Tieghem's species, based upon strains which 

 satisfy his original description in a somewhat broadened sense, will be 

 discussed first. 



ASPERGILLUS NIGER SERIES 



Species Characterized by Comparatively Small Primary Sterigmata and 



Small Conidia 



Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., s. 5, t. 8, p. 240. 



1867. 



Synonym: Sterigmatocystsis nigra van Tieghem, in Bui. Soc. Bot. 

 France 24: 102-103. 1877. See also Thorn and Currie, Jour. Agr. 

 Res. 7: 1-15. 1916; and Thorn and Church, The Aspergilli, p. 167. 

 1926. 



Characterization: Colonies rapidly growing with abundant submerged 

 mycelium, colorless, or in some strains with more or less yellow color in 

 the hyphae and in the substratum, with aerial hyphae usually scantily 

 produced, but abundant in age in certain strains. Conidial heads fuscous, 

 blackish-brown, purple-brown, in every shade to carbonaceous black 

 (PI. VI B), varying in intensity with the quantity of coloring matter pro- 

 duced; typically globose or radiate (fig. 63 C), commonly up to 300, 500, 

 or occasionally 1000m in diameter with periphery variously splitting into 

 radiating columns of conidia; small heads, more or less columnar and 

 consisting of a few conidial chains often borne on trailing hyphae or short 

 conidiophores near the substratum. Conidiophores mostly rising directly 

 from the substratum, uncolored or yellow to brown near the vesicle only, 

 smooth, with walls thick, frequently uneven on the inner surface and split- 

 ting lengthwise into strips when broken (fig. 64 B and C), unseptate or 

 with occasional thin septa, varying greatly in length and diameter in 

 different strains and in colonies on different media or even in sections of 

 the same colony, thus ranging from strains with conidiophores 200 to 400m 

 by 7 to 10m to forms with conidiophores several millimeters long and 20m 

 or more in diameter. Vesicles globose or subglobose, thick- walled, com- 



