ASPERGILLUS NIGER GROUP 219 



monly 20 to 50m, occasionally up to 100m in diameter (fig. 62 A), colorless 

 or more commonly more or less intensely yellow-brown. Sterigmata in 

 one series in young colonies and in small heads, but typically in two series, 

 colorless at times, usually more or less intensely brown, even carbonaceous, 

 primary sterigmata closely packed, covering the vesicle, varying greatly 

 in size in the same colony but usually 20 to 30m in length by 6 to 8m in 

 diameter at the outer end; secondary sterigmata more uniform, ranging 

 usually from 6 to 10m by 2 to 3m (fig. 62 A), both series often more or less 

 brown to almost black. Conidia globose when ripe, with walls at first 

 smooth with diffused brown or fuscous color (Ridgway, PL XLVI), then 

 rough or spinulose from coloring substance deposited as tubercles, bars 

 or loops between the outer primary wall and the inner, or secondary, wall, 

 mostly 2.5 to 4m, occasionally up to 5m in diameter. 



Sclerotia globose, superficial, regularly produced by certain strains 

 (fig. 61 D), sporadically by some, and not found in many others. 



A. niger approximating the description of van Tieghem furnishes the 

 most common morphological entity among the black Aspergilli. A few 

 of the substrata and locations found in our record include chronic irritants 

 in the human ear, pin-point colonies in the human lung, spoiling raw sugar, 

 rancid butter and other fats, floating and submerged mycelium in many 

 chemical solutions. It is abundant in soil cultures from every part of 

 the world, and apparently especially so in the tropics. Molds under this 

 name have been used in literally hundreds of biochemical investigations. 



The introduction of a complete description from culture for each member 

 of the series typically represented by van Tieghem's A. niger, but which 

 vary from it in detailed measurements, calls for repetition of many common 

 characters. In place of such descriptions the names and citations of the 

 forms selected, either as unique or as representing sections of the series 

 often encountered, are presented with the more important differences 

 which furnish the bases of separation. 



Aspergillus foetidus n. sp. 



Synonym:^, aureus Nakazawa, in Inst. Gov't. Res. Formosa, Rept. 



Vol. 1, 1907. 

 Not:i4. aureus Berkeley, in English Flora Vol. 5, p. 346. 1836. 

 Not S. aurea Greco, in Origine des Tumeurs et Mycoses 



Argentines, Buenos Aires, pp. 671-694, fig. 418-428. 1916. 



Colonies upon Czapek's solution agar rather slow growing, producing a 

 floccose basal mat of mycelium with abundant but uncrowded black heads 

 above a mass of pale orange mycelium which is deeply orange in reverse. 

 Heads up to 225m in diameter are borne on conidiophores about 500m 



