226 A MANUAL OF THE ASPERGILLI 



comparatively large conidia described by Saito but possessed no other marks which 

 would assist in identification. 



.4. iuteo-niger (Lutz) Thorn and Church, in The Aspergilli, p. 166. 1926. Syn.: 

 S. luteo-nigra Lutz, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 48-52. 1907. Thorn and Church 

 (1926) found one or more black Aspergilli in which the conidia appeared smooth in 

 ordinary laboratory slide amounts in which they were treated with alcohol followed 

 by lacto-phenol or other mounting fluids. Fragments floating in the mounting 

 medium led to the test of such conidia in dry mounts, in oil, and in pure glycerine. 

 Under these conditions, the conidia showed the typical marks of the A. niger series. 

 Since smooth conidia were the sole definite contrast between A. Iuteo-niger Lutz and 

 .4. niger v. Tiegh., the strains studied were accepted as Lutz' organism. Since that 

 time, it has been shown that many black Aspergilli, ranging widely among the variant 

 forms encountered, pass through a physiological stage in which the outer wall and 

 color bars, when subjected to alcohol or other fluid causing active osmotic currents, 

 break in pieces and float away leaving the conidia smooth and colorless, or only partly 

 shaded toward the dark color of the group. It thus appears that A. Iuteo-niger may 

 be dropped as failing to designate any definite group of strains and as failing to pre- 

 sent any character of diagnostic importance. 



ASPERGILLUS CARBONARIUS SERIES 



Species Characterized by Conidia in Excess of 5. 0^— Sterigmata in Two 



Series 



Aspergillus atropurpureus Zimmermann, in Centralb. f. Bakt., etc., 2 Abt., 



8, Xo. 5/7, p. 218. 1902. 



Conidiophores hyaline or somewhat brownish in age, up to 800 by 16m 

 to 20/x ; vesicles 60 to 80m in diameter, hyaline to brown; sterigmata, primary 

 16 by 6m, secondary 3 to 4m by 1.5 to 2.0m; conidia globose, rough, with 

 prominent warts, purplish-black, 6 to 10m in diameter. Isolated from 

 Coffea liberica, in Java. Culture not studied by us. The species is possibly 

 valid, and is presented as representative of occasional forms characterized 

 by small sterigmata and large purple-black spores. 



Aspergillus fumaricus Wehmer, in Ber. Deut. Chem. Gesell. 51, Xo. 14: 



1663-1668, figs. 1-6. 1918. 



This species was named, but not fully described by Wehmer, and was 

 not distributed by him. Its biochemical activity as a producer of fumaric 

 acid is covered in the paper cited above, together with the admission that 

 it belonged to the .4. niger group. Culture Xo. 4668.2 (C. Thorn) received 

 from Xeuberg under this name presents a variant strain of the group which 

 may be described as follows: Colonies producing a mass of yellow my- 

 celium; conidiophores scantily and tardily produced up to 1, 2, or 3 mm. 

 long, by 20 to 22m in diameter, smooth, bearing large radiate, yellow-brown 

 heads. Vesicles up to 60 or even 100m in diameter, with walls thin, easily 

 crushed. Sterigmata in two series, primary sterigmata up to 15m by 4 to 



