228 A MANUAL OF THE ASPERGILLI 



commonly darkening in age and often becoming almost black after 2 to 3 

 weeks. Conidial heads large, globose, radiate or with chains of conidia 

 massed in an indefinite number of loose divergent columns, commonly 300 

 to 500^ but often attaining a diameter up to 1 mm. Conidiophores varying 

 in length from 1.5 to 3.5 mm. but averaging about 2.0 to 3.0 mm., mostly 

 20 to 30m in diameter with walls 2.0 to 3.0m thick, smooth, often colored 

 in dark shades in the region beneath the vesicle. Vesicles globose, fertile 

 over the entire surface, commonly 50 to 75m in diameter (fig. 62 C), usually 

 in brown shades, often quite dark. Sterigmata in two series, usually 

 brown, often dark: primary sterigmata variable in different heads and in 

 different cultures, ranging from 15 to 20m by 6 to 8m in some to 35 to 45m 

 by 10 to 13m in others; secondary sterigmata ranging from 8 to 14m by 5 

 to 6.5m but averaging about 9 to 10m by 5 to 6m. Conidia large (fig. 63 C), 

 globose, conspicuously roughened with prominent color bars, ranging from 

 5.5 to 8.5m- 



Since strain "67" appears in the industrial fermentation literature as 

 Aspergillus niger and has been consistently distributed under this name 

 over a period of several years, it is not our purpose here to challenge this 

 designation, for this binomial is often used in a very general sense to cover 

 any black member of this group. We do wish to emphasize, however, that 

 this strain does not represent the common type of black Aspergillus usually 

 isolated in routine examination of soil and moldy materials in general. 

 The fact that it possesses large spores is of the greatest value in checking 

 its purity and further commends it for use in industrial operations. This 

 strain was originally received from Rio de Janeiro, and recently Dr. 

 Dorival M. Cardoso of Sao Paulo, Brazil, has reported (personal communica- 

 tion) that he has repeatedly isolated large-spored forms apparently closely 

 related to it. It would, therefore, appear likely that this large-spored form 

 represents a type of organism much more abundant in South America than 

 in this country. 



Aspergillus pulchellus (Speg.) Thorn and Church, in The Aspergilli, p. 181. 



1926. 



Synonym: Aspergillopsis pulchellus Speggazzini, in Myc. Arg. V. in Ann. 

 Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires Ser. 3, t. 13: 436. 1911. 



This species was described with colonies intensely black; conidiophores 1 to 2 mm. 

 by 18 to 20m, with walls darkened; vesicles 50 to 60m in diameter; primary sterigmata 

 10 by 30m; and conidia 8 to 10m in diameter and rough. The species appears to differ 

 from van Tieghem's A. niger principally in its very large conidia, and it is extremely 

 doubtful if it could be separated from A. fonsecaeus as described above. 



A. dipus of Ferdinandsen and Wing (Bot. Tids. 30: 220, fig. 6. 1910) represents 

 another organism undoubtedly close to the forms under consideration. The presence 

 of conspicuous foot cells, upon which character the species was based, is common to 

 all members of the group, hence, is not a valid basis for separation. 



