ASPERGILLUS NIGER GROUP 229 



Aspergillus carbonarius (Bainier) Thorn, in Jour. Agr. Res. 7: 12. 1916. 



Synonym : S. carbonaria Bainier, in Bui. Soc. Bot, France 27 : 27-28. 1880. 



Colonies grown upon Czapek's solution agar show vegetative mycelium 

 white or with some yellow in submerged areas, broadly spreading, more or 

 less zonate; sclerotia produced upon the surface of the substratum in old 

 cultures; fruiting areas carbon-black. Conidiophores colorless below, 

 yellow to yellow-brown toward the apex, 4 to 6 mm. or more in length 

 and up to 25m hi diameter, with walls smooth, sometimes as much as 4m 

 in thickness. Heads globose, varying in diameter up to 500m- Vesicles 

 up to 90m in diameter, fertile over the entire surface, commonly with contents 

 yellow-brown to black and in old heads f orming with the primary sterigmata 

 a hard, brittle, carbonaceous mass. Sterigmata in two series, primary 

 sometimes one septate, from 20 to 40m long in young or small heads, and 

 up to 120m long in large heads by 5 to 13m in diameter at the apex, secondary, 

 8 to 14m by 3 to 6m- Conidia at first smooth, becoming rough when ripe, 

 5.5 to 10.5m in diameter. Colonies grow well upon all culture media used, 

 with temperature optimum below 37° C. A culture from Dr. A. F. Blakeslee 

 (NRRL No. 369, Thorn No. 4030.1) reproduces in detail the morphology 

 recorded by Bainier. A. carbonarius has also been received in culture from 

 the Gold Coast of Africa. 



The same morphology was also found in one of Dr. Farlow's specimens, 

 S. acini-uvae Caballero (Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat, 28: 429. 1928). 

 This was described as it appeared upon rotting grapes as follows : vesicles 

 75 to 105m by 73 to 98m; primary sterigmata 59 to 80m by 13 to 22m and 

 secondary 15 to 20m by 5 to 7m ; conidia globose, rough, 6 to 10m- Blochwitz 

 in "Die Aspergillaceen" (Ann. Mycol. 27(3/4): 204, 222, and 232. 1929), 

 with part of the type specimen before him, declares it to be A. carbonarius, 

 apparently without cultivating it. Mosseray (LaCellule 43 : 222. 1934) 

 places Caballero's organism in Aspergillus pulchellus. 



We cannot agree with Blochwitz (idem. p. 221, 222, fig. 12) in describing 

 the vesicle in A. carbonarius as subglobose, and figuring the head as hemi- 

 spherical. Bainier's original figures show the vesicle fertile to the very 

 base. This is characteristic of the strains observed from various sources. 



ASPERGILLUS LUCHUENSIS SERIES 



Species Normally Showing One Series of Sterigmata, Occasionally Two. 



Aspergillus luchuensis Inui, in Jour. Col. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 15: 469, 



PI. 22, fig. 1-8. 1901. See also Usami, in Centralb. Bakt. 



etc., 2 Abt., 43, p. 250. 1915; The Aspergilli, 



p. 171. PI. IV. 1926. 



Colonies upon Czapek's solution agar spreading rapidly, producing 

 abundant conidiophores and conidial heads which give a purple-black color 



