THE ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS-ORYZAE GROUP 261 



tion of some of the species names applied to members of the group. It 

 must not be forgotten that any variant from the dwarf and deep green A. 

 parasiticus to the longest stalked and palest greenish-yellow .4. oryzac may 

 be found if we look for it. 



Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) Cohn, in Jahresb. Schles. Gesell. Vaterl. 

 Cultur (1183) 61: 226 Breslau. 1884. 



Synonym: Eurotium oryzae Ahlb. The name E. oryzae with an incom- 

 plete description for the sake organism was published by 

 Korschelt, in Dingier 's Polytechnisches Jour. 230: 330. 

 1878, as taken from a letter from "Herr Ahlburg." See also 

 Thorn and Church, Amer. Jour. Bot. Bot. 8: 106. 1921, and 

 The Aspergilli, p. 198. 1926. 

 Colonies on Czapek's solution agar rapidly spreading with vegetative 

 hyphae mostly submerged and forming a white to gray mycelial layer in the 

 form of a tough felty mass (fig. 70 A); developing pale greenish-yellow 

 shades with the production of ripening conidial areas, varying from lime 

 green to mignonette green (Ridgway, PI. XXXI, column 25) with the green 

 disappearing later and the general color shifting to yellowish-brown shades; 

 mycelium and agar uncolored. Conidial heads predominantly large, abun- 

 dant, globose, radiate, with chains of conidia separate rather than adhering 

 (fig. 70 D), giving the pale yellow shades of the colonies. Conidiophores 2 

 to several mm. long by up to 20 to 25m in diameter with walls rather thin, 

 definitely pitted or rough (fig. 70 F), colorless. Vesicles globose to sub- 

 globose, less often hemispherical, up to 50 or even 70m with walls 1 to 1.5m- 

 Sterigmata commonly in one series up to 15 or 20m long by 3 to 5m; or in two 

 series with primary sterigmata up to 12 by 5m, and secondary sterigmata 10 

 to 12m by 3.5m (fig. 70 B). Conidia more or less pyriform (fig. 70 F), vary- 

 ing greatly in size in the same culture and in different strains, 3 by 4m, 4 by 

 5m, 5 by u> or up to 9m or 10m hi long axis occasionally, rather thin-walled, 

 roughened, becoming coarsely and deeply roughened in some strains. 

 Sclerotia dark, few and not forming clumps, produced sporadically under 

 undefined conditions. 



Diagnosis based primarily on culture XRRL Xo. 447 (Thorn Xo. 113) 

 received from the Centraalbureau at Baarn and believed to be derived from 

 Cohn's original strain. 



While the above description is believed to conform closely to the original 

 conception of .4. oryzae, strains possessing the essential morphology de- 

 scribed but which are heavier sporing and somewhat darker in color are more 

 commonly encountered. Culture XRRL Xo. 458, obtained from Dr. 

 Oshima as strain AoOld and shown in PI. VII C, and Fig. 70 C-F, is repre- 

 sentative of these forms. 



