THE ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS-ORYZAE GROUP 267 



hyphae (fig. 73 A), in deeper yellow-green shades near ivy green (Ridgway, 

 PI. XXXI); reverse uncolored or yellowish. Conidial heads radiate, 

 abundantly produced and giving color to the colony. Conidiophores given 

 by Speare as 300 to 700m long, commonly under 400ju, with walls colorless, 

 prominently rough or pitted, enlarging from 3/x at the foot up to 10 to 12/x, 

 and passing into vesicles up to 35/* in diameter (fig. 73 B). Sterigmata in 

 one series, 7 to 9/x by 2.5 to 3/x, closely packed over the vesicular surface, 

 yellow. Conidia pyriform to globose, very rough, 4 to 5/x, occasionally 6/x 

 in long axis, green. Xo sclerotia or perithecia reported. 



Described as parasitic upon the mealy bug of sugar cane (Pseudococcus 

 calceolariac Mask.) in Hawaii. Type culture XRRL Xo. 502 (Thorn No. 

 3509) received from Speare. Cultures with the same morphology Avere 

 isolated from infected mealy bugs from Demerara by Thom, and in Louisi- 

 ana by Kopeloff . Johnston, working in Puerto Rico, considered that he had 

 proved infectivity to be a strain function among organisms of the A. flavus 

 series rather than associated with morphology. Blochwitz (Ann. Mycol. 

 32(1/2) : 8G. 1934) has called another nearly allied form A. flavus vsuwiridis, 

 but gives no adequate data for separation. Cultures with these characters 

 are occasionally obtained from sources not known to be associated with 

 disease of insects. Shih has likewise described from China as Aspergillus 

 chungii (Lingnan Sci. Jour. 15(3): 378. 1933) a strain which apparently 

 duplicates .4. parasiticus. 



Aspergillus effusus Tiraboschi, in Ann. di Bot. (Rome) 7: 16, fasc. 1. 



1908. See also Thom and Church, in Am. Jour. Bot. 8: 109-110. 



1921, and Thom and Church, in The Aspergilli, p. 208. 1926. 



Colonies on Czapek's solution agar rapidly and broadly spreading, floc- 

 cose or piled cottony white (fig. 73 C), becoming dirty yellowish or, in re- 

 stricted areas, pale greenish-yellow, then passing over into dull buff or tan 

 shades as heads mature ; reverse and agar yellowish. Conidial heads usually 

 more or less columnar, mostly small, a few of them fairly large, many of 

 them upon short conidiophores (fig. 71 B 3 and 73 E), often less than 100/x 

 long and 5 to 10/x in diameter, arising from the trailing floccose hyphae, 

 quickly losing their yellow-green color. Conidiophores with walls pitted or 

 roughened, sometimes bearing granules (produced by drying droplets of 

 exuded fluid). Vesicles mostly under 20/x in diameter (fig. 71 B 2 ). Sterig- 

 mata in one series in small heads, in either one or two series in large heads 

 (fig. 71 BO, approximating the A. flavus type. Conidia pyriform to 

 globose varying from 3 by 4/x to 5 by 7m- Xo sclerotia or perithecia re- 

 ported. The species was described originally from rotten corn (Zea 

 Maijs). 



Culture description as given centers around culture XRRL No. 506 

 (Thom Xo. 130) isolated by Dr. B. F. Lutman, Burlington, Vermont. Other 



