MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 347 



Spikelets 5 to 6 mm long. Introduced perennials. 



Panicle slender, tapering at each end; glumes scabrous on the keel. 



1. A. MYOSUROIDES. 



Panicle cylindric, dense; glumes conspicuously ciliate on the keel. 



2. A. PRATENSIS. 

 Spikelets 2 to 4 mm long (rarely 5 mm in A. saccatus, annual). Native species. 

 Plants perennial. 



Spikelets densely woolly all over; panicle oblong, 1 to 5 cm long, about 



1 cm thick 3. A. alpinus. 



Spikelets not woolly; panicle linear or oblong-linear, less than 1 cm thick. 



Awn scarcely exceeding the glumes 5. A. aequalis: 



Awn exserted 2 mm or more. 



Awn exserted 2 to 3 mm; panicle 3 to 4 mm thick; spikelets 2.5 mm long. 



6. A. GENICTJLATTJS. 



Awn exserted 3 to 5 mm; panicle 4 to 6 mm thick; spikelets about 3 mm 



long 4. A. PALLESCENS. 



Plants annual. 



Spikelets 4 to 5 mm long; panicle relatively loose 9. A. saccatus. 



Spikelets 2 to 3.5 mm long; panicle dense. 



Spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm long; anthers 0.5 mm long.__ 7. A. carolinianus. 



Spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm long; anthers about 1 mmlong__ 8. A. howellii. 



1. Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (Fig. 706, B.) Perennial; 

 culms tufted, slightly scabrous, 10 to 50 cm tall, erect or decumbent 

 at base; blades usually 2 to 3 mm wide; panicle slender, somewhat 

 tapering at each end, 4 to 10 cm long, 3 to 5 mm wide; glumes 6 mm 



Figure 707. — Distribution of 

 Alopecurus myosuroides. 



Figure 70S.— Distribution of 

 Alopecurus pratensis. 



long, pointed, whitish with 3 green nerves, glabrous, scabrous on the 

 keel, short-ciliate at base ; lemma about as long as the glumes, the awn 

 bent, exserted 5 to 8 mm. 21 (A. agrestis L.) — Fields, waste places, 

 and ballast ground, Maine to North Carolina, Washington, and Oregon 

 (fig. 707); introduced, rare; Eurasia. 



2. Alopecurus pratensis L. Meadow foxtail. (Fig. 706, A.) 

 Perennial; culms erect, 30 to 80 cm tall; blades 2 to 6 mm wide; 

 panicle 3 to 7 cm long, 7 to 10 mm thick; glumes 5 mm long, villous 

 on the keel and pubescent on the sides; awn exserted 2 to 5 

 % — Fields and waste places, Newfoundland and Labrador 



mm. 



to Alaska, south to Delaware, Iowa, Idaho, and Oregon (fig. 708); 

 introduced; Eurasia. Occasionally cultivated as a meadow grass. 



3. Alopecurus alpinus J. E. Smith. Alpine foxtail. (Fig. 709.) 

 Perennial; culms erect or often decumbent at base, rather stiff and 

 rushlike, 10 to 80 cm tall, with slender rhizomes; sheaths glabrous, 

 often inflated; blades 3 to 5 mm wide; panicle ovoid or oblong, 1 to 

 3 cm long, about 1 cm wide, woolly; glumes 3 to 4 mm long, 

 woolly; lemma awned near the base, the awn exserted slightly or 

 as much as 5 mm. % —Mountain meadows and along brooks, 

 Greenland to Alaska, south in the Rocky Mountains to Colo- 

 rado (fig. 710); Arctic regions and northern Eurasia. 



4. Alopecurus pallescens Piper. Washington foxtail. (Fig. 

 711.) Perennial, tufted, pale-green; culms 30 to 50 cm tall, erect, or 

 lower nodes geniculate; sheaths somewhat inflated; panicle pale, 



