MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 533 



Figure 1119.— Distribution of 

 Phalaris canariensis. 



5. Phalaris earoliniana Walt. (Fig. 1123.) Annual; culms erect, 

 30 to 60 cm tall or even more; panicle oblong, 2 to 6 cm long, occa- 

 sionally longer, tapering to each end ; glumes 5 to 6 mm long, oblong, 

 rather abruptly narrowed to an acute apex, the keel scabrous and 

 narrowly winged above from below the middle ; fertile 

 lemma lanceolate, acute, appressed-pubescent, about 

 3.5 to 4 mm long, the sterile lemmas one-third to half 

 as lono\ o — Old fields, sandy soil, and moist 

 places , & Virginia to Colorado, south to Florida and 

 Texas, west to Arizona, California, and Oregon (fig. 



1124). A few specimens from 

 the Pacific coast are relatively 

 robust, up to 80 cm tall, and 

 have panicles 3 to 8 cm long, 

 some of them slightly lobed and 

 not tapering to the base, the 

 spikelets 6 to 6.5 mm long. 



6. Phalaris angustaNees. 

 (Fig. 1125.) Annual; culms 1 to 

 1.5 m tall; panicle subcylindric, mostly 6 to 15 cm 

 long, about 8 mm thick; glumes 3.5 to 4 mm long, 

 narrow, abruptly pointed, the keel scabrous and nar- 

 rowly winged toward the summit ; fertile lemma ovate- 

 lanceolate, acute, appressed-pubescent, 3 mm long; 

 sterile lemmas about one-third as long, o ■ — Open 

 ground at low altitudes, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas; Cali- 

 fornia; southern South America. 



7. Phalaris leminoni Vasey. (Fig. 1126.) Annual; culms 30 to 



90 cm tall; panicle 5 to 15 cm long, sub- 

 cylindric or lobed toward base, often 

 purplish; glumes about 5 mm long, nar- 

 row, acuminate, scabrous, not winged on 

 the keel; fertile lemma ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, 3.5 to 4 mm long, brown at 

 maturity, appressed-pubescent, except 

 the acuminate 

 tip, sterile 

 lemmas (1 or 2) 

 less than one- 

 third as long. 

 O — M o i s t 

 places, at low 

 altitudes, in the 

 coastal valleys, 

 central and southern 



8. Phalaris californica 

 Arn. (Fig 



Figuee 1120.— Pha- 

 laris brachystachys. 

 Spikelet and flo- 

 ret, X 5. (Suks- 

 dorf 1904, Oreg.) 



Figure 1122.— Distribution of 

 Phalaris minor. 



California. 

 Hook, and 

 1127.) Perennial, often in 

 dense tussocks; culms erect, 75 to 150 

 cm tall; blades rather lax, 8 to 15 nun 

 wide; panicle ovoid or oblong, 2 to 5 cm 

 long, 2 to 2.5 cm thick, often purplish 

 tinged ; glumes 6 to 8 mm long, narrow, 

 tapering from below the middle to an acute apex, the keel smooth or 

 nearly so, sharp but not winged; fertile lemma ovate-lanceolate, 

 about 4 mm long, rather sparsely appressed-pubescent, the palea 



Figure 1121.— Phalaris minor 

 1; glumes and floret, X 5. 

 Calif.) 



Plant, X 

 (Ball 1932 



