694 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



fornia; Mexico to Argentina, in the tablelands. (Type from Zelaya, 

 Mexico.) 



ECHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI Var. FRUMENTACEA. (Roxb.) Wight. JAP- 

 ANESE millet. (Fig. 1556.) Racemes thick, appressed, incurved; 

 spikelets more # turgid, awnless, mostly purple. © (Var. edulis 

 Hitchc.) — Occasionally cultivated as a forage grass and escaped here 

 and there. Exploited at one time under the name billion-dollar grass. 

 3. Echinochloa crus-pavonis (H.B.K.) Schult. (Fig. 1557.) Culms 

 erect or sometimes decumbent at base, as much as 1 m tall; blades 

 5 to 15 mm wide; panicle 10 to 20 cm long, nodding, rather soft, 



pinkish or pale purple; racemes mostly 

 ascending or appressed, the lower some- 

 what distant; spikelets about 3 mm long, 

 hispid on the nerves, hispidulous on the 

 internerves, the awn usually about 1 cm 



FlGXJEE 1558. — Echinochloa paludigena, 

 X 1. (Fredholm 6390, Fla.) 



Figube 1559.— Echinochloa waiteri, X 1- (Chase 

 1426, 111.) 



long. © (E. crusgalli crus-pavonis Hitchc.) — Marshes and wet 

 places, often in the water, Alabama, southern Texas, and through 

 tropical America at low altitudes. 



4. Echinochloa paludigena Wiegand. (Fig. 1558.) Culms mostly 

 solitary, erect, rather stout, usually 1 to 1.5 m tall; blades elongate, 

 8 to 20 mm wide; panicle narrow, usually 20 to 30 cm long; racemes 

 ascending, usually simple, rather evenly distributed on the axis, not 

 closely crowded, sometimes remote; spikelets about as in E. crusgalli, 

 but on the average less strongly tuberculate; sterile floret staminate. 

 © — Ditches, marshes, and wet places, often in shallow water, south 

 and central Florida. 



5. Echinochloa waiteri (Pursh) Heller. (Fig. 1559.) Culms 

 usually stout, erect, 1 to 2 m tall; sheaths papillose-hispid or papillose 

 only, sometimes only the lower sheaths hispid or the hairs on the 



