Carpinus BETULACEAE-FAGACEAE Fagus 



3b. Carpinus laxiflora (S. & Z.) Blume var. davidii Franch. tfcmM^M (Ku Ling 



E Erh Li; Ruling Goose-eared Oak) (Chen 170). Shrub, to 7m. Central China; 



locally in Ki. Mixed forest. 

 4. Carpinus turczaninowii Hance fgpfflg (E Erh Li; Goose-eared Oak) (R.M.141). 



Tree, to 15m.; fls. III-IV; fr. VII-IX. China, Korea; locally in Ku. Mixed 



forest. Fig. 53. 



3. Corylus Linn. Hazelnut ^M (Chen Shu) 

 Lvs. usually ovate, doubly serrate, pubescent: fls. without perianth; the staminate 

 in pendulous catkins, exposed during the winter; the pistillate in small dense clusters: 

 fr. a woody nut, surrounded by a Ify. involucre. About 15 species, in north tem- 

 perate regions; 4 in China. (The Latin name.) 

 1. Corylus heterophylla Fisch. $ (Chen) (R.M.145). Shrub, to 5 m.; fr. VIII-X. 

 Nut edible. Northeastern Asia; locally in An., Ki., Ku. Mixed forest and scrub- 

 land. Fig. 54. 



40. FAGACEAE Beech Family ^-4?4 (K'o Tou K'o) 

 Trees or shrubs with alternate simple lvs.: monoecious: staminate fls. in catkins; 

 the pistillate in spikes, with 3 styles: fr. a nut, partly or wholly enclosed in a spiny 

 or scaly involucre. 6 genera with about 600 species, widely distributed; 5 genera and 

 about 100 species in China. 



Key to the Genera 



A. Staminate fls. in heads, pendulous: nut sharply 3-angled 1. Fagus 



AA. Staminate fls. in slender spikes or catkins : nut rounded or plano- 

 convex. 

 B. Staminate fls. in erect spikes. 

 Fr. enclosed in a prickly bur. 



Lvs. deciduous : terminal bud wanting : fr. maturing in one 



season 2. Castanea 



Lvs. evergreen : terminal bud present : fr. maturing in two 



seasons 3 . Castanopsis 



Fr. partly (rarely wholly) enclosed in a more or less scaly cup. 4. Lithocarpus 

 BB. Staminate fls. in pendulous catkins: fr. partly enclosed in a 



scaly cup 5. Quercus 



1. Fagus Linn. Beech \l\%j^% (Shan Mao Chii Shu; Mountain 



Hairy Zelkova Genus) 



Deciduous trees with smooth gray bark, elongated buds and serrate straight- 

 veined lvs.: monoecious: fls. appearing with the lvs.; the staminate in pendulous 

 peduncled head-like clusters, subtended by deciduous bracts: the pistillate in peduncled 

 pairs, the pair surrounded by numerous subulate bracts which are joined below to 

 form the 4-lobed involucre: styles 3: nut triangular. About 10 species, in north 

 temperate regions; 5 or 6 in China. (Greek: phagein, to eat, referring to the edible 

 nuts.) 



Key to the Species 



Stalk of frtg. involucre slender, 3-6 cm. long; appendages of the in- 

 volucre all subulate : lvs. 7-12 cm. long 1 . F. lovgipetiolata 



Stalk of frtg. involucre stout 0.5-1.0 cm. long; appendages very 



short, of deltoid mucronate scales: lvs. 5-8 cm. long 2. F. lucida 



78 



