Polygala 



POLYGALACEAE-EUPHORBIACEAE 



Bischofia 



Key to the Species 



Lvs. orbicular, elliptic, oblong, ovate or lanceolate, 2-3.5 mm. long: fls. 



larger; lateral sepals (wings) 5-10 mm. long: plant usually 8-15 cm. 



high (sometimes to 40 cm.); brs. erect or ascending 1. P. japonica 



Lvs. narrow-linear, 10-45 mm. long: fls. smaller; lateral sepals (wings) 



3-5 mm. long: plant 30-45 cm. high; brs. erect 2. P. tenuifolia 



1 . Polygala japonica Houtt. J&=f& (Kua Tzu Chin; Golden Water-melon Seeds) (H.F. 

 1:205). Suffrutescent, to 2 dm.; fls. bluish purple, IV-V; fr. VI-VIII. Eastern Asia; 

 locally in An., Che., Hon., Ki., Ku. Woods and brushland. 



2. Polygala tenuifolia Willd. (DC.P. 1:324). Suffrutescent, 3-4dm. high; fls. V; fr. 

 VI. Siberia, North China; locally in Ku. Grassland. Fig. 206. 



91. EUPHORBIACEAE Spurge Family ±W^ (Ta Chi K'o) 

 Herbs, shrubs or trees, often with milky juice: lvs. simple or compound, usually 

 stipulate: infl. various: fls. unisexual; perianth simple or wanting; stamens few to 

 many; ovary usually 3~celled, the carpels united: fr. a capsule, berry, drupe or nut. 

 285 genera with 7,300 species, in all parts of the world, but more abundant in tropical 

 regions; about 40 genera and over 130 species in China. 



Key to the Genera 



A. Plants woody. 



B. Lvs. trifoliolate: fr. berry-like 1. Bischofia 



BB. Lvs. simple. 



C. Fi. a drupe. 



Fr. a large indehiscent drupe: deciduous 2. Aleurites 



Fr. a small 1-seeded drupe : evergreen 3. Daphniphyllum 



CC. Fr. a fleshy bei ry 4. Phyllanthus 



CCC. Fr. a capsule. 



D. Capsules spiny or scaly (ours) 5. Mallotus 



DD. Capsules glabrous or hairy, not spiny or scaly. 

 E. Seeds normally 2 in each cell of the capsule. 



Capsules with persistent calyx at the base: 

 seeds without aril. 



Lvs. lanceolate 4. Phyllanthus 



Lvs. ovate; margins often recuived and 



crisped at matuiity 6. Securinega 



Capsules not subtended by a persistent calyx; 

 seeds with a red or orange-colored fleshy 



aril 7. Glochidion 



EE. Seeds one in each cell of the capsule. 



Lvs. serrate (ours): style divided 8. Alchornea 



Lvs. entire: style undivided 9. Sapium 



AA. Plants herbaceous (except in Euphorbia pulcherrima): fi. capsular. 



Plants with latex: infl. conspicuously involucrate 10. Euphorbia 



Plants without latex. 



Lvs. large and palmately cleft: capsules laige and echinate.. 11. Ricinus 

 Lvs. small, pinnately veined or 3-5-nerved fiom the base: 



capsules small, smooth and bracteate 12. Acalypha 



1. Bischofia Blume MMftM (Ch'ung Yang Mu Shu) 

 Deciduous or evergreen dioecious tree with watery sap and alternate trifoliolate 



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