Hovenia RHAMNACEAE Zizyphvs 



at maturity. One species, in China, cultivated in Japan and India. (After David 

 Hoven, Dutch commissioner in Japan who assisted Thunberg with his researches.) 



Key to the Species 



Peduncles and frs. glabrous 1. H. dulcis 



Peduncles, frs. and axes of the infi. fulvous-hairy 2. H. trichocarpa 



1. Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Japanese Raisin Tree ^Sf (Kuai Tsao; Zigzag Jujube) 

 (R.M. 605). Tree, to 10 m.; fls. VI-VIII; fr. 1X-X. China; locally in An., Che., 

 Ki., Ku. Woodland. Fig. 225. 



2. Hovenia trichocarpa Chun & Tsiang ^PM (Mao Chih Chu) (Suny. 4:16). Tree, 

 to 10m.; fls. VI-VII; fr. VIII-IX. China; locally in An., Che., Hun. Woodland. 



6. Paliurus Mill. m^M (T'ung Ch'ien Shu Shu) 

 Usually deciduous trees or shrubs, mostly with stipular spines: Ivs., alternate, 3- 

 nerved from the base: infl. of axillary or terminal cymes: fls. perfect, 5-merous; 

 ovary inferior: fr. dry, 2-3-celled, surrounded by a flat circular wing. 6 species, in 

 Eurasia; 4-5 in China. (An old Greek name.) 



Key to the Species 



Plant glabrous: fr. 2-3.5 cm. across 1. P. hemsleyanus 



Brts., Ivs. and infl. more or less pubescent or tomentose. 



Brts., Ivs. and infl. sparsely pubescent: fr. glabrous, about 1 cm. 



across 2. P. hirsutus 



Brts., infl. and fr. densely tomentose: fr. 1-1.5 cm. across 3. P. ramosissimus 



1. Paliurus hemsleyanus Rehd. (P. orientalis Hemsl., non Franch.) fsj^jst (T'ung 

 Ch'ien Shu; Cash Tree) (R.M. 596). Tree, to 20 m.; fls. V; fr. IX. Central China; 

 locally in An., Ku. Woodland. Fig. 226. 



2. Paliurus hirsutus Hemsl. gj&Mf&ffi (Ch'ang Ken T'ung Ch'ien Shu; Long- 

 branched Cash Tree) (Lee 795). Tree, to 20 m.; fls. V; fr. glabrous, IX. Eastern 

 China; locally in An., Ki. Woodland. 



3. Paliurus ramosissimus Poir. |£$i^ (T'ieh Li Pa; Iron Fence) (Lee 796). Shrub, 

 to 3 m.; fls. VII; fr. brown-tomentose, IX. China; locally in Hun., Ki. Brushland. 



7. Zizyphus Mill. HM (Tsao Shu) 

 Shrubs or trees, usually ivith stipidar spines: Ivs. alternate, 3-5-nerved from the 

 base: infl. in axillary cymes: fls. perfect, 5-merous; ovary usually 2-celled: fr. a 

 drupe with a sharply pointed stone. 40 species, tropical and subtropical; 3 in China. 

 (From Zizyphon, an old Greek name for Z. jujuba.) 



1. Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Chinese Date H (Tsao) (R.M. 596). Shrub or tree, to 

 10m.; fls. IV-V; fr. IX-X; with stipular spines. Eurasia; locally in An., Hup., 

 Ki;, Ku. Thickets and Woodland. Fig. 227. 



la. Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis (Bge.) Rehd. (R.M. 596). Tree, to 10m.; brs. 

 unarmed. Grown for its fruit. 



There are a large number of horticultural varieties in cultivation varying widely in the 

 size, shape and quality of the fruit. It is known that root suckers and sprouts on many 

 apparently unarmed trees will develop spines, so var. inermis may be only an adult form of 

 the plant. 



239 



