Viola VIOLACEAE-FLACOURTIACEAE Xylosma 



13. Viola grypoceras A. Gray %.VcMM (Tzu Hua Chin Ts'ai; Purple-flowered Violet) 

 (Mak.F. 311). Weak herb, to 2 dm.; fls. pale blue, 20 mm. long, IV. Eastern 

 Asia; locally in An., Ki., Ku. Damp woodland. 



14. Viola micrantha Turcz. (Be.Bo.Ce. 34(2):380). Erect herb, 3 dm. high; fls. white 

 or pale blue, 10mm. long, IV; fr. VII. Northeastern Asia; locally in Ki., Ku. 

 Shaded streambanks. 



15. Viola triangulifolia W. Bckr. (K.B. 1929:202). Erect herb, 2-3 dm. high; fls. 

 white, IV. East-central China; locally in An., Hun., Ki. Moist banks. 



16. Viola tricolor Linn. var. hortensis DC. Pansy HfeU (San Se Chin) (B.M. 686). 

 Tufted erect herb, to 1.5dm.; fls. various. Introduced from Europe; locally in 

 Ku. Planted, ornamental. 



114. FLACOURTIACEAE Flacourtia Family ^ffiiPf} (Ta Feng 

 Tzu K'o; Gynocardia-seed Family) 



Trees or shrubs with alternate simple lvs.: stipules deciduous: fls. in cymes, 

 regular, perfect or unisexual; sepals 2-6, persistent; petals sometimes wanting; sta- 

 mens numerous or few; staminodes occasionally present; ovary superior or nearly so, 

 1-celled, with 3-5 parietal placentae: fr. usually a capsule or berry (ours). 84 genera 

 with 850 species; 9 genera and 16 species in China. 



Key to the Genera 



Fls. in large terminal panicles: lvs. deciduous: berry many-seeded 1. Idesia 



Fls. in axillary racemes: lvs. evergreen: berry 2-3-seeded 2. Xylosma 



1. Idesia Maxim. llltPJ^-M (Shan T'ung Tzu Shu) 

 Dioecious or polygamous deciduous tree with fls. in large terminal panicles: sepals 

 usually 5; petals wanting; staminate fls. with numerous stamens and a rudimentary 

 pistil; styles usually 5: fr. a fleshy many-seeded berry. One species, in eastern Asia. 

 (For Eberhard Ysbrant Ides, 1660-1695?, a Dutch traveller in China.) 



1. Idesia polycarpa Maxim, [illl^- (Shan T'ung Tzu; Mountain Aleurites) (R.M. 

 653). Tree, to 15 m.; fls. olive-yellow, V-VI; fr. brown, IX-XI. Southern Japan, 

 central and western China; locally in An., Che., Hun., Hup., Ki. Forest. Fig. 

 248. 



la. Idesia polycarpa var. typica Diels. Lvs. barbate or subglabrous beneath. (Di. 



F. 478). 

 lb. Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels. Lvs. softly pilose beneath. (R.M. 653). 



2. Xylosma Forst. f. ifcfc% (Tso Mu Shu) 



Dioecious or polygamous evergreen trees or shrubs, often spiny, with fls. in axil- 

 lary racemes, but without stipules: sepals 4-5; petals wanting; ovary superior, 

 surrounded by a glandular disk: fr. a 2~3-seeded berry. 50 species, mostly tropical; 

 4-5 in China. (Greek: xylan, wood; and osme, smell.) 



1. Xylosma congestum (Lour.) Merr. (X. racemosum Miq.) tfffc (Tso Mu) (Lee 839). 



Tree, to 15m.; fls. white or yellow, IX-XI; fr. black, V. Japan, China; locally 



in An., Che., Hun., Hup., Ki. Forest. Fig. 249. 

 la. Xylosma congestum var. pubescens (R. & W.) Rehd. (Lee 841). This year's 



brs. densely pubescent. China; locally in Che., Hun., Hup., Ki. 



263 



