Ehretia BORAGINACEAE Bothriospermum 



1. Ehretia acuminata R. Br. var. obovata (Lindl.) Johnston (E. thyrsiflora (Sieb. & 

 Zucc.) Nakai) &W$ ( Hou K '° Shu : Thick-husk Tree) (R.M. 801, AAJ. 32: 21). 

 Deciduous tree, to 15m.; fls. white, V-VII; fr. orange to brown, VIII-IX. Eastern 

 Asia; locally in An., Che., Ku., Ki. Forest. Fig. 311. 



2. Ehretia dicksoni Hance UWM (Ts'u K'ang Shu; Coarse-chaff Tree) (R.M. 801). 

 Deciduous tree, to 10 m.; fls. white, V-VII; fr. yellowish, IX. Eastern Asia; 

 locally in An., Hun., Hup., Ki., Ku. Forest. 



2. Anchusa Linn. ^j=lM (Niu She Ts'ao Shu) 

 Coarse hairy biennial or perennial herbs with alternate lvs. and large (1.5-2.0 cm. 

 across) fls. in leaf y-bracted scorpioid clusters on elongated brs. ; corolla trumpet-shaped, 

 bearing 5 conspicuous exserted saccate appendages in the throat; stamens inserted at 

 middle of corolla-tube, included: nutlets wrinkled, with a plug-like attachment at the 

 base surrounded by a ring-like collar. 30-40 species, in the Old World; one or more 

 cultivated in China. (Greek: anchousa, a paint for the skin.) 



1. Anchusa azurea Mill. (B.M. 837). Robust herb, 1.0-1.5 m. tall; fls. blue, VII; fr. 

 IX. Introduced from the Mediterranean region; locally in Ku. Planted, ornamental. 



3. Thyrocarpus Hance J^MW<Wh (Tun Chia Kuo Shu; Shield Fruit) 

 Herbs with slender erect brs. and alternate lvs. : infl. of scorpioid lfy.-bracted racemes 

 developing at the tips of the brs.: fls. axillary, solitary, short-pedicelled; corolla with 

 5 small scales in the throat; stamens inserted below the scales on the corolla-tube, 

 included: nutlets tuberculate, divergent, each bearing on the back an areole surrounded 

 by a conspicuous cup-like double margin. 3 species, in China. 



1. Thyrocarpus sampsoni Hance (E.P.IV. 252: 112). Herb, to 3 dm.; fls. blue, IV- 

 VI; fr. V-VII. China; locally in Hun., Hup., Ku. Grassland. 



4. Bothriospermum Bunge JxIflM (Pan Chung Shu) 

 Weak annual or biennial strigose herbs, with alternate ovate or lanceolate lvs., 

 and small blue or white axillary pedicelled 5-merous fls., the upper ones becoming a 

 bracteate raceme; ovary deeply 4-lobed, becoming in fr. 4 brownish glandidar- 

 tuberculate ellipsoid nutlets. 4-5 species, in Asia; most of them found in China. 

 (Greek: bothrion, a small pit, and sperma, seed; in reference to a deep pit on the inner 

 side of each carpel. 



Key to the Species 



Nutlet reniform, bent; areole appearing transverse: corolla with 5 scale- 

 like appendages 1 . B. chinense 



Nutlet ellipsoid; areole longitudinal. 



Inn. definitely secund; corolla with 10 scale-like appendages 2. B. secundum 



Inn. not secund; corolla without distinct appendages 3. B. tenellum 



1. Bothriospermum chinense Bunge ffiB§#: (Lung Ch'ang Ts'ao) (DC. P. 10: 117). 

 Slender herb, to 0.3 m.; fls. blue or white, V-VI; fr. VI-VII. Northern China; 

 locally in An., Ku. Open ground. 



2. Bothriospermum secundum Maxim. (Max. F. 202). Erect or spreading herb, to 

 0.3m.; fls. blue or white, V-VIII; fr. VI-IX. Northern China; locally in An., 

 Hup., Ku. Open ground. 



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