Bothriospermum BORAGINACEAE-VERBENACEAE Trifjonotis 



3. Bothriospermum tenellum Fisch. & Mey. M$k=PM (Hsi Jui Tzu Ts'ao) (Be.F. 235). 

 Spreading herb, to 0.4m.; fls. blue or white, III-VII. Asia; locally in Hun., Ku. 

 Open ground. 



5. Lithospermum Linn. Gromwell %sf-M (Tzu Ts'ao Shu; Purple-herb Genus) 

 Rough-hairy herbs with alternate entire lvs. and 5-merous blue, pink,' white or yellow 

 fls. in lfy. bracted spikes or racemes; corolla funnel-form or salver-form, sometimes 

 pubescent or crested in the throat; stamens 5: filaments short; ovary 4-parted ; stigma 

 capitate or 2-lobed: nutlets 4 or fewer, white, smooth and shining or brown and 

 wrinkled, not sharply angled, 3-4 mm. long; scar of attachment not concave. About 

 40 species, mostly of the northern hemisphere; 5 in China. (Greek: lithos, stone, 

 and sperma, seed; referring to the hard nutlets.) 



Key to the Species 



Corolla 5-8 mm. long, blue, white or pink: lvs. lanceolate: nutlets gray or 



brown, verrucose 1 . L. arvense 



Corolla 15-20 mm. long, bluish purple: lvs. oval to oblong: nutlets white, 



smooth and shining 2 . L. zollingeri 



1. Lithospermum arvense Linn. Corn Gromwell ^^^l (Ch'iian Tzu Ts'ao; Dog 

 Gromwell) (G.M. 1201). Erect or spreading herb, to 3 dm.; fls. white, pink, or 

 blue, IV; fr. V-VI. Eurasia and northern Africa; locally in An., Ku. Open 

 ground. Fig. 312. 



2. Lithospermum zollingeri A. DC. W^ (Tzu Mu Ts'ao; Lindera Herb) (DC.P. 

 10: 587). Spreading perennial, to 2 dm.; fls. bluish purple, III-V; fr. IV- VI. 

 Eastern Asia; locally in An., Ku. Open rocky slopes. 



6. Trigonotis Stev. W&MM (Fu Ti Ts'ai Shu) 



Weak perennial herbs, with alternate ovate or lanceolate lvs., and small pedicelled 



axillary bracteate or ebracteate 5-merous white or blue fls.; corolla tube shorter than 



the calyx: ovary deeply 4-lobed, becoming in fr. 4 small (about 1 mm. long) brown 



slightly granular sharply-angled nutlets. 10 species, central and eastern Asia; 4 in China. 



Key to the Species 



Nutlet with an opaque flange bordering the upper face 1/2-1/3 as wide as 



the nutlet is broad 1 . T. cupulifera 



Nutlet without flange, shining and pubescent on upper surface 2. T. peduncularis 



1. Trigonotis cupulifera Johnston (AA.J. 33:69). Slender herb, to 3 dm.; fls. blue, 

 IV-V; fr. V-VI. Central China; locally in Hun., Ki. Open ground. 



2. Trigonotis peduncularis (Trev.) Benth. ex Forbes & Hemsl. (Eretrichum pedun- 

 culare (Trev.) A.DC.) PfrJfe^ (Fu Ti Ts'ai; Decumbent Green) (Mak.F. 190). Slen- 

 der spreading herb, to 5 dm.; fls. blue, III-V; fr. IV-VI. Eurasia; locally in An., 

 Che., Hun., Ki., Ku. Open ground. Eaten in famine times. Fig. 313. 



150. VERBENACEAE Verbena Family J^mft (Ma Pien Ts'ao K'o) 



Herbs, shrubs or trees with opposite, verticillate or rarely alternate simple, pin- 



natifid or compound estipulate lvs. and perfect usually more or less irregular 4-5-merous 



fls. ; corolla gamopetalous; stamens 4, didynamous (rarely 2 or 5), inserted on the 



corolla and alternate with its lobes; anthers 2-celled and longitudinally dehiscent; 



324 



