Vernonia COMPOSITAE Ageratvm 



H'H'. Ray corollas contracted at base into a short but distinct 



tube, not indurated nor persistent on the achenes. 



T. Phyllaries with scarious margins and tips 30. Chrysanthemum 



IT. Phyllaries herbaceous or foliaceous. 



Achenes short and thick, without pappus: receptacle 

 conic (often cultivated in a very double horticul- 

 tural form with all the disk corollas changed 



into rays) 20 . Rudbeckia, 



Achenes thickened but laterally compressed, with 

 paleaceous pappus (this sometimes caducous): 

 receptacle not conic. 

 Pappus caducous: lvs. usually opposite below, not 



lobed 22 . Helianthus 



Pappus persistent: lvs. alternate, often 3-lobed .. 21. Tithonia 



A. TUBULIFLORAE Tubular-flowered Series WTfcM^f (Kuan Hua Ya K'o) 

 Plants without milky sap: heads discoid (without ray fls.) or radiate (with marginal 

 ligulate, pistillate or neutral, ray fls.), or with all fls. bilabiate and perfect. 



I. Vernonieae Vernonia Tribe fflMfflfe (Hsien Hsia Hua Tsu) 

 Stout perennial herbs (ours), shrubs or trees: heads discoid: fls. all regular and 

 tubular, never yellow; pappus (in ours) of two series; the outer very short and scale- 

 like or bristle-like; the inner much longer, of slender bristles; style branches long and 

 slender, finely hairy. 40 genera, mostly American. 



1. Vernonia Schreb. MMtkM (Hsien Hsia Hua Shu; 

 Salted-shrimp Flower Genus) 

 Erect herbs (ours), shrubs (sometimes climbing), or trees with mostly alternate 

 lanceolate entire or toothed lvs.: heads small, discoid, in loose terminal or axillary 

 cymes or panicles; involucre mostly hemispheric: the overlapping bracts in several 

 series: fls. all perfect; corolla regular, 5-cleft; anthers sagittate; style branches hairy : 

 pappus of 2 rows of hair-like bristles, the outer series minute; achenes (in our species) 

 unribbed; receptacle flat, naked. 500 species, in warm-temperate regions, especially in 

 South America; 25 in China. (Named for William Vernon, English botanist.) 



1. Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (M.F.466). Erect herb, to Ira.; fls. blue to purple, 

 X. Tropics of both hemispheres; locally in Ki. Woodland. 



II. Eupatorieae Eupatorium Tribe TM^M (Lan Ts'ao Tsu) 

 Herbs with mostly opposite lvs. and small discoid heads: fls. never pure yellow; 

 pappus ofawned scales or long hairs; style brs. club-shaped. 40 genera, mostly American. 



2. Ageratum Linn. WKMW, (Sheng Hung Chi Shu) 

 Loose-growing annual (ours) or perennials, with mostly opposite petiolate lvs.: 

 heads clustered, with narrow subequal involucral bracts in 2-3 series; receptacle (in 

 ours) naked: fls. all tubular, blue (rarely pink) or white : fr. angled; pappus of 5 awned 

 scales. 30 species, in tropical America; one cultivated and naturalized in China. 

 (Greek: Ager-atum, not growing old; first used for some everlasting.) 



1. Ageratum conyzoides Linn. \WKW\ (Sheng Hung Chi; Superior-red Thistle) (B.M. 

 1025). Loose-growing annual, to 8 dm.; fls. blue, pink, white, VII-IX. Most warm 

 countries; locally in Ku. Cultivated, ornamental, naturalized. Fig. 368. 



393 



