Xanthium COMPOSITAE Eclipta 



fr. ; staminate receptacle chaffy; pappus none. 15 species, widely distributed; one in 

 China. (Greek: xantho (turn), yellow; since it yields a yellow hair dye.) 



1. Xanthium strumarium Linn. £|If (Hsi Erh; Ear Hemp) (G.M. 1473). Coarse herb, 

 to 8dm.; fls. greenish, V-VI; fr. VIII-IX. All warm countries; locally in An., 

 Che., Ki., Ku. Waste land, roadsides. Fig. 377. 



16. Zinnia Linn. If 0#:M (Pai Jih Ts'ao Shu) 



Herbs (ours) or sometimes shrubby, with opposite sessile entire Ivs. : heads showy, 

 solitary, terminal, 5-8 cm. in diam.; bracts of the involucre in several overlapping 

 series; receptacle chaffy: ray fls. brightly colored, persistent on the frs. at maturity: 

 frs. flattened; pappus, when present, of erect awns or scales. 12 species, in 

 America; one cultivated in China. (After Johann Gottfried Zinn, 1727-1759, professor 

 of medicine at Goettingen.) 



1. Zinnia elegans Jacq. Youth-and-old-age WS^ (Pai Jih Ts'ao; Hundred-day Herb) 

 (B.M.1001). Erect annual, to 8 dm.; fls. variously colored, V-X. Introduced from 

 Mexico; locally in An., Ki., Ku. Cultivated-ornamental. Fig. 378. 



17. Heliopsis Pers. ^J^SjffK (Chia Chii Shu Shu; 

 False Helianthus tuberosus) 



Stout erect perennial sunflower-like plants with opposite mostly petiolate lvs. and 

 large showy fls.: //. blades toothed, 3-nerved at the base: disk fls. partly enclosed in 

 chaffy bracts of the receptacle: frs. without pappus, or obscurely toothed at the top; 

 disk achenes strongly thickened. 7 species, in North America; one cultivated in China. 

 (Greek meaning like the sun.) 



1. Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (B.M.1001). Erect perennial, 1-3 m.; fls. yellow, 

 VII-IX. Eastern North America; locally in Ku. Cultivated, ornamental. 



18. Sigesbeckia Linn. f^HK (Hsi Lien Shu) 



Erect herbs with opposite lvs.: heads in panicles, about 1.5cm. in diam.; bracts 

 of the involucre in 2 rows; the outer linear- spatulate, spreading, glandular-hispid: rays 

 very short, yellow: pappus none. 4 species, in the warm parts of the Old World; 

 one in China. (For Johann Georg Siegesbeck, Russian botanist, director of the 

 medicinal garden in St. Petersburg-1736.) 



1. Sigesbeckia orientalis Linn. |#|g (Hsi Lien; Pig Vine) (Be. F. 182). Erect herb, 

 to 8 dm.; fls. yellowish green, VII-X. Warm countries of the eastern hemisphere; 

 locally in An., Ku. Waste places. Fig. 379. 



19. Eclipta Linn. BBM (Li Ch'ang Shu) 

 Rough slender erect or prostrate annuals with opposite, toothed or entire lvs.: 

 heads small, rarely over one cm. in diam., solitary, axillary or terminal; bracts of 

 the involucre in 2 series, oblong or lanceolate, not glandular; receptacle chaffy: rays 

 numerous, narrow, white, in 2 rows: fr. flattened; pappus none. 4 species, in tropical 

 regions; one in China. (Greek: ekleips, to be deficient; referring to the pappus.) 



1. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. 61)1 (Li Ch'iang; Carp Intestines) (M.F.476). Erect or 



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