Ligularia COMPOSITAE Atractylis 



Kitamura (J.J.B.21:53) has described " Ligularia chekiangensis " with discoid heads, while 

 his keys and description for the genus Ligularia (Kit.C.3: 160,184) characterize it with radiate 

 heads. The specimen cited is from Hsitienmushan, Chekiang. 



IX. Calenduleae Calendula Tribe &%.%:& (Chin Chan Ts'ao Tsu) 

 Herbs with mostly alternate lvs. and radiate heads: bracts of the involucre in 1-2 

 series, subequal: receptacle naked : anthers at base mucronate or caudate : outer achenes 

 (in ours) strongly incurved, muricate, heteromorphous: pappus in ours none. 8 genera, 

 in South Africa, the Mediterranean region, Persia and Tierra del Fuego. 



36. Calendula Linn. &^. (Chin Chan Ts'ao Shu) 

 Herbs with alternate simple lvs. and large yellow or orange radiate heads; bracts 

 of the involucre scarious margined; receptacle flat, naked: only the ray fls. fertile: fr. 

 glabrous, incurved; pappus none. 15 species, Canary Islands to Persia; one cultivated 

 in China. (Latin: calendae, throughout the months.) 



1. Calendula officinalis Linn. Pot Marigold &mtt (Chin Chan Hua; Golden-bowl 

 Flower) (B.M. 1016). Annual, to 8 dm.; fls. yellow, IV-V. Southern Europe; 

 locally in An., Ku. Cultivated, ornamental. Fig. 389. 



X. Cynareae Cynara Tribe ^M-WlM (Chao Hsien Chi Tsu; 



Korean-thistle Tribe) 

 Herbs, rarely shrubs, with alternate often spiny-toothed or lobed lvs. and discoid 

 heads, the outer corollas sometimes enlarged and falsely radiate: receptacle bristly; bracts 

 of the involucre overlapping, often spiny or scarious: anthers tailed at the base and with 

 long stiff appendages at the tips: pappus of bristles or scales. 35 genera, most abun- 

 dant in Eurasia, especially in the Mediterranean region. 



37. Echinops Linn. Globe Thistle ijiffiiMK (Tan Chou Lou Lu Shu) 

 Coarse thistle-like herbs with alternate spiny pinnatifid or dentate lvs. ; the steins 

 and lower surfaces of the lvs. more or less white-woolly: involucres l-fld., in dense 

 globose compound heads: fr. usually villous; pappus of many short scales. 60 species, 

 in Eurasia and northern Africa; 2 or more in China. (Greek: echinos, hedgehog, like- 

 a-hedgehog. from the spiny involucral bracts.) 



1. Echinops dahuricus Fisch. (E. grijsii Hance) i£#litffi (Tan Chou Lou Lu) 

 DC. P.6:523:F.H.E. 1:459). Erect perennial herb, to lm.; fls. blue, VIII-IX. 

 Eastern Asia; locally in Ku. Grassland. 



38. Atractylis Linn. fMMM (Ts'ang Shu Shu) 

 Herbs, woody at the base, with spiny dentate or pinnatifid lvs. and terminal heads; 

 outer bracts of the involucre pinnately dissected into spine-tipped linear segments; inner 

 bracts overlapping and entire: heads without rays: fr. very hairy; pappus plumose. 

 15 species, in Eurasia; one in China. 



1. Atractylis ovata Thunb. (A. chinensis DC.) u;Il (Ts'ang Shu; Gray Plant) 

 (DC. P.6:549;F.H.E. 1:459). Brg. perennial, to lm.; fls. white, VIII. Eastern 

 Asia; locally in Che., Ki., Ku. Grassland, cultivated, insecticide. 



411 



