Arctium COM POSIT A K Cirsium 



39. Arctium Linn. Burdock ^HH (Niu P'ang Shu) 

 Coarse, brg., rank-smelling, rough, mostly biennial herbs, with large alternate 

 lvs. and rather large globose or urn shaped bur-like heads of purple or white fls. ; 

 bracts of the involucre rigid, with hooked tips: filaments glabrous: pappus of numerous 

 short serrulate deciduous scales. 6 species, in Eurasia; one in China. (Greek: Arction, 

 from arctos, a bear, from the rough involucre.) 



1. Arctium lappa Linn. Great Burdock ^W (Niu P'ang) (G.M. 1537). Brg. perennial 

 herb, to 3 m.; fls. pink, purple, VII-VIII. Eurasia; locally in Che., Ku. Roadsides, 

 waste places. 



40. Saussurea DC. K^IftM (Yeh K'u Ma Shu; Wild-bitter-hemp Genus) 



Herbs of various habit with alternate lvs. and discoid heads of purple or bluish 



fls.; bracts of the involucre in several rows, not spiny: filaments glabrous; style brs. 



linear: fr. not oblique at the base; pappus hairs in 1 or 2 rows, the inner feathery and 



united into a ring at the base. 125 species, in north temperate regions; 100 in China. 



Key to the Species 



Lvs. pinnately cleft, white-tomentose beneath: bracts of the involucre 



without appendages 1 . S. carthamoides 



Lvs. entire, not tomentose: bracts of the involucre with rose-colored 



appendages at the tips 2 . S. glomerata 



1. Saussurea carthamoides (Buch.-Ham.) Benth. (S. afftnis Spreng.) #E#]5k (Ni Hu 

 Ts'ai; Mongolian-clay Vegetable) (Be.F.168;F.H.E.l:463). Erect annual, to Ira.; 

 fls. purple, V-VI. Eastern Asia; locally in An., Ki., Ku. Woodland, waste places. 



2. Saussurea glomerata Poir. var. chinensis Chen WLWVk^M^ (Kun Pang Chuang 

 Ni Hu Ts'ai; Rod-shaped S. affinis) (Fa.B.5:83). Erect herb, to 1.5m.; fls. pink, 

 IX-X. China; locally in An., Ki., Ku. Brushland. 



41. Carduus Linn. Plumeless Thistle MjMH (Fei Lien 

 Shu; Winged-modesty Genus) 



Stout annual, biennial or perennial herbs with sessile spiny-toothed or -lobcd lvs. and 

 large or medium-sized discoid heads; outer and middle bracts of the involucre spine- 

 tipped; the inner not spiny and often colored: fr. glabrous; pappus bristles simple. 80 

 species, in Eurasia; one in China. (The old Latin name.) 



1. Carduus crispus Linn. Welted Thistle MB (Fei Lien) (G.M. 1538). Erect biennial, 

 to 1.3 m.; fls. pink, purple, V-VIII. Eurasia; locally in An., Ku. Roadside, 

 waste land. 



42. Cirsium Hill Plumed Thistle j§ijj^ (Chi Shu) 



Biennial or perennial prickly or spiny herbs with alternate or basal dentate, lobed 



or pinnatifid lvs. and large discoid heads; bracts of the involucre overlapping, in many 



series; receptacle bristly: frs. glabrous; pappus of plumose bristles. 200 species, in 



the northern hemisphere; 20 in China. (Greek: Cirsion, from cirsos, a swollen vein.) 



Key to the Species 

 Heads 4-5 cm. across 1. C. japonicum 



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