Ixeris COMPOSITAE Youngia 



strongly acute or alate 5. /. polycephala 



dd. Plants stoloniferous: involucres 12-14 mm. high: 



frs. (including beak) 7-8 mm. long 6. I. japonica 



cc. Creeping plant of sea beaches: lvs. mostly 3-lobed: 



longest outer bracts 1/3-1/2 the length of the inner.. 7. I. repens 



1. Ixeris lanceolata (Houtt.) Stebbins (Youngia lanceolata (Houtt.) DC; Crepis 

 integra Miq.; Lactuca lanceolata (Houtt.) Mak. (DC.P.7:193;I.K.2:622). Perennial 

 herb; fls. yellow. Eastern Asia; locally in Ku. Fields and roadsides. 



2. Ixeris denticulata (Houtt.) Stebbins ssp. denticulata {Lactuca denticulata (Houtt.) 

 Maxim.) ^3? (K'u Wo Chii; Bitter Lettuce) (J.B.1937:47). Brg. biennial; fls. 

 pale yellow, IX-X. Eastern Asia; locally in An., Che., Hup., Ki., Ku. Brushland 

 and roadsides. 



2a. Ixeris denticulata (Houtt.) Stebbins ssp. sonchifolia (Bunge) Stebbins ( J.B.1937:48). 



Brg. annual or biennial; fls. yellow, IV-VII. Fields and roadsides. 

 2b. Ixeris denticulata (Houtt.) Stebbins ssp. ele&ans (Franch.) Stebbins (J. B.1937;48). 



Brg. annual or biennial; fls. yellow, VI-VII. Locally in An. Fields and open 



places. 



3 . Ixeris dentata (Thunb.) Nakai (Lactuca dentata (Thunb. ) C.B.Rob. ) (Bo.Ma.T.49 : 285). 

 Perennial herb, to 5 dm.; fls. yellow, VI-VIII. Eastern Asia; locally in An., Che. 

 Open hillsides. 



4. Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai (Lactuca chinensis (Thunb.) Mak.; Lactuca ver- 

 sicolor (DC.) Schultz-Bip.) (Som.D.3:878;F.H.E. 1:485). Herb, to 5dm.; fls. yellow, 

 whitish or violet, IV-VII. Eastern Asia; locally in An., Che., Hup., Ku. Fields 

 and waste places. Fig. 392. 



A very polymorphic species, which probably includes several entities. The varietal dis- 

 tinctions proposed by Kitamura do not hold in the Chinese flora. 



A robust form of this species, with broad cordate leaves occurs in the city of Nanking. 

 It may be a distinct subspecies or species but its correct status should be determined by further 

 study. 



5. Ixeris polycephala Cass. (Lactuca polycephala (Cass.) Benth.) (H.F.3:410). Low 

 annual; fls. yellow, IV-V. Asia; locally in Che. Field weed. 



6. Ixeris japonica (Burm.) Nakai (Lactuca debilis (Thunb.) Maxim.) m^Wt (Chien 

 Tzu Ku; Scissors Handle) (Be.F.193; B.M.T.40:575). Spreading herb; fls. yellow, 

 II-IV. Eastern Asia; locally in Che., Ku. Field weed. 



7. Ixeris repens (L.) Gray (Lactuca repens (L.) Benth.) fcWM (Pin K'u Ts'ai (Be.F. 

 194). Creeping herb; fls. yellow, VI-X. Eastern Asia; locally in Che. Sea beaches. 



57. Youngia Cass. HH^g (Huang An Ts'ai Shu) 

 Herbs, ours with lyrate-pinnatifid lvs. and cymose infl.: involucres (in ours) small 

 and with a single series of inner bracts; the outer few and very short: fls. yellow; 

 corolla tube scabrous-pubescent, less than 1/2 as long as the ligule: frs. small, slightly 

 obcompressed, unequally ribbed; 4 or 5 ribs stronger than the rest, contracted at the 

 apex but not beaked; pappus (in ours) white, persistent; all of the bristles more than 

 4-celled in cross section at the base; ovary with 5 or 4 vascular bundles. 27 species 

 known, in many parts of the world; 20 from China, mostly Szechuan and Yunnan. 



Key to the Species 

 Cauline lvs. abruptly reduced, all but 1 or 2, or rarely 



421 



