Echinochloa GRAMINEAE Paspalum 



Racemes compound, ascending; spikelets strongly hispid 3a. E. crusgalli 



var. mitis 

 Racemes mostly simple, more or less appressed: 



spikelets less strongly hispid 3b. E. crusgalli 



var. zelayensis 



1. Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link Jungle Rice x^fjf (Mang Chi; Bearded Millet) 

 (Hitch.711). Culms 10-40 cm. high; fls. VI; fr. VII. Tropical and subtropical 

 regions; locally in Che., Ki., Ku. Waste roadsides or moist ground. Fig. 437. 



2. Echinochloa cruspavonis (HBK) Schult. (Hitch. 715). Culms up to lm.; fls. 

 VI; fr. VII. Tropical and temperate regions; locally in Ki., Ku. Marshes and 

 wet places. 



3. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Barnyard Grass ^l (Pai; Weed) (Hitch. 712). 

 Culms 30-100 cm. high; fls. VI; fr. VII. Cosmopolitan; locally in An., Ki., Ku. 

 Moist fields or open ground. 



3a. Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis (Pursh) Peterm. (Hitch. 714). Culms 30-90 cm. 



high; fls. VI; fr. VII. Cosmopolitan; locally in Ki., Ku. Wet or moist places. 

 3b. Echinochloa crusgalli var. zelayensis (HBK) Hitch. (Hitch.714). Culms 30-90 cm., 



high; fls. VI; fr. VII. Tropical and temperate regions; locally in Ku. Moist 



often alkaline places. 

 3c. Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight Japanese Millet (Hitch. 



714). Culms lm. or more high; fls. VI; fr. VII. Tropical and temperate regions. 



Cultivated or escaped into moist places. 



4. Echinochloa hispidula (Retz.) Keng (Panicum hispidum Retz.) (Retz.0.5:18). Culms 

 60-120 cm. high; fls. VI; fr. VII. India, China, Japan; locally in An., Ku. Wet 

 places or open ground. 



62. Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb. ?f ^^M (Pei Hsing Ts'ao 

 Shu; Arm-like-grass Genus) 



Annuals (ours) with terminal panicles of 2-many spike-like racemes: spikelets 

 solitary or binate, arranged in 2 rows along one side of a slender triquetrous or 

 narrowly winged rachis: first glume adaxial, about half as long as the spikelet; second 

 glume and sterile lemma similar, 5-7-nerved; glumes and sterile lemma awnless; 

 fertile lemma indurate, acute or obtuse; the margins inrolled, embracing a palea of 

 like texture. About 80 species, in warm regions; 5 in China. (Latin: brachium, 

 arm, alluding to the arm-like racemes.) 



1. Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A. Camus {Panicum villosum Lam.) (H.F.7:34). Culms 

 10-30 cm. high; fls. VII; fr. VIII. India to southeastern Asia; locally in An., Che., 

 Ki. Open moist ground or cultivated soil. 



63. Paspalum Linn. MffiM (Ch'io Pai Shu) 



Perennials with 2 to many spike-like racemes digitate or racemose at the summit 

 of the culm and brs.: spikelets solitary or binate, in 2-4 rows along one side of a 

 narrow or dilated rachis: first glume wanting (or rarely present); second glume and 

 sterile lemma similar, membranaceous, 3-nerved; fertile floret chartaceous-indurate, 

 usually obtuse, with the convex back of the lemma towards the rachis. More than 

 300 species, mostly Brazilian; 8 in China. (Greek: paspalos, a kind of millet.) 



Key to the Species 

 a. Plants stoloniferous: first glume obsolete or well developed; fertile 



471 



