610 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 8 



Costaria costata (Turn.) Saunders 



Plate 566, and plate 79a 



Holdfast of extensive, widespreading, dichotomously branched 

 hapteres; stipe very variable in length and thickness, from slender 

 forms 3 mm. diam. and 5 cm. long, up to forms 1.5 cm. diam. at the 

 base, and 65 cm. long, with numerous, fine, parallel, longitudinal 

 grooves, flattened at the top; blade also variable in size and form, 

 from narrowly lanceolate with cuneate base, to ovate with marked 

 cordate base, 1-3 dm. wide, 5-25 dm. long, coarsely bullate, with five, 

 prominent, parallel, longitudinal ribs alternately projecting only on 

 one side of the blade, leaving a depression on the opposite side ; color 

 dark brown, soon changing to green on drying. 



Growing on rocks, wood, and other large algae in the lower littoral 

 and upper snblittoral belts. Common along the whole Pacific coast 

 from the Bering Sea to San Pedro, California. 



Saunders, in Bot. Gaz., 1895, vol. 20, p. 57; Setchell, Kelps of 

 U. S. and Alaska, 1912cr, p. 154. Costaria turneri Greville, Alg. Brit., 

 1830, p. xxxix ; Postels and Ruprecht, Illus. Alg. 1840, p. 12, pi. 24 ; 

 Saunders, Alg. Harriman Exp., 1901, p. 431; Setchell and Gardner, 

 Alg. NAY. Amer., 1903, p. 265; Collins, Mar. Alg. Vancouver Island, 

 1913, p. 109; Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer. 

 (Exsicc. ) , nos. 631 and XXXV. Costaria Turneri var. pertusa Collins, 

 Holden and Setchell, loc. cit., no. XXXIV. Costaria Mertensii J. G. 

 Agardh, Sp. Alg., vol. 1, 1848, p. 140; Tilden, Amer. Alg. (Exsicc), 

 no. 238. Fu-cus costatus Turner, Fuci, 1819, pi. 226. 



Much diversity of opinion has existed among phycologists as to 

 the number of distinct species of Costaria that should be recognized. 

 Fortunately but few species have been proposed. The earlier descrip- 

 tions of these, however, have been inadequate, probably on account of 

 insufficient data, to enable one to mark their limits with much degree 

 of certainty. Four species and one variety were recognized by De-Toni 

 (1895, p. 361) as follows: C. Turneri Grev. and its var. pertusa Harv., 

 C. Mertensii J. Ag., C. quadrinervia Rupr. and C. reticulata? Saunders, 

 all of which have been reported within our territory. The last men- 

 tioned is now known to be a young stage of Dictyoneuron californicum 

 Rupr. C. quadrinervia has not again been reported, so far as we know, 

 since its discovery, and we do not feel that the description sufficiently 

 distinguishes it to warrant retaining it as a distinct species. 



