422 



CLASS BASIDIOMYCETEAE 



like, dark outer peridium surrounding the sporogenous central portion 

 which may project some distance above the rim of the opened peridium. 

 A thin hyaline inner peridium may surround this projecting mass of 

 sporogenous hyphae. The spores are formed in parallel chains and bud 

 laterally to form two to four (or more) sporidia which become more or less 

 colored, with somewhat thickened walls. Bundles of sterile hyphae scat- 

 tered throughout the chains of spores probably serve the same function 

 as the capillitium in Mycetozoa, Lycoperdaceae, etc. They are lacking in 

 one genus. (Fig. 143.) 



Graphiola has been carefully studied as to its morphology by Eduard 

 Fischer (1883, 1920, 1922) and by Kilhan (1924) who showed the cyto- 



FiG. 143. Subclass 

 Teliosporeae, Order Us- 

 tilaginales (?), Family 

 Graphiolaceae. (A, B) 

 Graphiola phoenicis 

 (Moug.) Poit. (A) Sorus 

 on leaf of palm. (B) 

 Sporogenous hyphae, the 

 cells near the top produc- 

 ing sporidia. (C, D) 

 Graphiola thaxteri Fisch. 

 (C) Group of four sporidia 

 from one spore, three of 

 them once septate. (D) 

 Bundle of sterile hyphae 

 in sorus. (A-B, after 

 Fischer: Botan. Ztg., 41 

 (45) -.745-756. C-D, after 

 Fischer: Ann. Mycolog., 

 20(3-4) :228-237.) 



logical features. The sporidia are uninucleate and produce a monocaryon 

 mycelium in the host leaf. Eventually a mass of monocaryon hyphae is 

 formed beneath the epidermis and immediately underlying layers of cells 

 and from the marginal portiiju of the cushion arise vertically closely 

 packed, branched, thick- walled monocaryon hyphae that form the outer 

 peridium. This arches over the whole structure at first. From the central 

 portion of the hyphal cushion arise the sporogenous hyphae and, if pres- 

 ent, the sterile hyphal bundles. The cells are all at first monocaryon, and 

 this remains true of the cells of the hyphal bundles. The cells of the closely 

 packed sporogenous hyphae elongate rapidly and become multinucleate, 

 but very soon cross walls divide these hyphae into chains of dicaryon cells. 

 These soon show nuclear fusion. At this stage the sporogenous hyphae 



