ORDER MONILIALES (hYPHOMYCETEAE) 



587 



sterigmata and supporting branches. These substerigmatal branches are 

 the metulae. As in Aspergillus the conidia vary in color among the differ- 

 ent species but none are as dark as those of Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. 

 Both of these genera are ubiquitous molds, mostly saprophytes, although 

 one or two species of Aspergillus have been described as parasitic in the 

 human ear. Animals eating moldy hay heavily infested with these molds 

 sometimes inhale so many spores that fatal mycosis of the lungs ensues. 

 Penicillium notatum Westling and P. chrysogenum Thom are of great 

 economic importance because of their production of antibiotic substances 

 (see closing paragraphs of this chapter). Resembling Penicillium in the 

 general plan of its conidiophore is the genus Gliocladium which differs in 

 the secretion of a mucilaginous drop at the top of the penicillus in which 

 the successively formed conidia are held. The perfect stage of G. penicil- 

 lioides Corda is Lilliputia, which belongs to the Order Aspergillales. 

 Matruchot (1895) considered that it belonged to the Perisporiales (Ery- 

 siphales) and Winter (1873) named it Eurotium insigne and placed it in 

 the Aspergillales. (Fig. 195A-D.) 



Another genus with catenulate conidia borne on phialides is Spicaria. 

 In this the conidiophore bears definite whorls of phialides and does not 



■.^ K^ ygi :'-'■: v- te 



V 



ll©_-fc .f 



- Conidia- 



-SterigmofQ 



Branches- ="= 



- - Conidiophore 



Fig. 195. Moniliales, Family Moniliar-eae. (A) Penicillium frequentans Westling, 

 illustrating simple type of conidiophore. (B) Penicillium expansum Link, illustrating 

 branched type of conidiophore. (C) Aspergillus niveo-gluucus Thom and Raper, illus- 

 trating conidiophore with one series of sterigmata. (D) A. versicolor (Vuill.) Tirab., 

 showing conidiophore with two series of sterigmata. (A-B, courtesy, Raper and Thom: 

 A Manual of the Penicillia, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Go. C-D, courtesy, Thom 

 and Raper: A Manual of the Aspergilli, Baltimore, Wilhams & Wilkins Co.) 



