Kelley — 54 — Mycotrophy 



lists the species, its habitat, and locaHty. Thus, he found Lotus corni- 

 ctilattis in sandy soil at Halensee, Fragaria vesca in forest at Negast 

 in Pomerania, and Myosxirus minimus in humus-rich soil at Putbus. 

 It is refreshing to find such precision when so often a paper states in 

 its title that it recounts "The Occurrence of Mycorrhizae in Pine", 

 for example, when actually the paper merely tells about a few samples 

 of one sort of pine collected in an unnamed locality. May all students 

 of mycorrhizae pay close attention to the place and conditions of 

 growth of their material ! 



A somewhat similar list of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal herbs 

 was published by Hoeveler (1892) that follows Schlicht's 

 statements rather closely. Many of the species these investigators 

 listed as non-mycorrhizal are now known to possess phycomycetous 

 endophytes, but 41 out of 68 investigated species were placed in this 

 category. About an hundred other German authors tell us of various 

 other mycorrhizal plants, and sometimes a locality is given, as, trees 

 and herbs from East Prussia, pine from the Brandenburg Marshes, or 

 alder from Breslau. 



From all these studies, Frank^s early (1888) conclusion seems 

 justified that most German plants are mycorrhizal. Frank said that 

 in all the many hundreds of cases of cupulifers examined in forests 

 throughout Prussia mycorrhizae were never lacking, and he said that 

 the "Umstand, dass diese Symbiose an den natiirlichen Standorten 

 eine allgemein verbreitete, iiberall und an jedem Individium constant 

 auftretende Erscheinung ist, gibt derselben den Charakter einer 

 Anpassung der Pflanze an die Pilzthatigkeit, wobei diese von der 

 letzteren einem bestimmten Nutzen zieht." And this conclusion was 

 emphasized by Stahl (1900) who said that "die Mehrzahl der 

 hoheren Pflanzen, wenigstens gelegentlich, in diese Symbiose mit 

 Pilzen eingeht." 



France and the Iberian Peninsula: — France, although it stands 

 second to Germany in number of mycorrhizal students, gives us less 

 information about the native flora since French students have been 

 more concerned with the problems of mycotrophy. There are few 

 citations of locality in French accounts, and no list of French mycor- 

 rhizal plants. BouDiER in 1876 found Elaphomyces about Mont- 

 morency; Lecomte in 1887 noted beech, chestnut, oak and hazel 

 mycorrhizal in the Vosges; Dangeard in 1896 noted poplar, about 

 Poitiers; Mangin (1910) collected Castanea in woods at St. Cloud 

 and Viroflay; Boyer (1915) found Trametes connected with tree- 

 roots at Vallon ; Dufrenoy in 1920 had collected Adenostyles in the 

 beech woods of the Pyrenees at 3700' A.T. ; Nicolas (1924) collected 



