Lecture V —55— Distribution 



mycothalli of Lunidaria at Toulouse; while Costantin has collected 

 in the forest at Fontainebleau. 



With these records, we may go on to the Iberian Peninsula where 

 chestnut is found mycorrhizal in Portugal (Camara, 1907) ; but 

 otherwise we know nothing of mycorrhizal conditions in these lands. 

 Mendes d'Almeida in 1908 presented a general account of mycor- 

 rhizae in Portuguese. 



British Isles: — Crossing the Channel to the British Isles, we find 

 little information on mycorrhizal distribution although a considerable 

 number of papers on mycorrhizae have been published, especially in 

 England. The earlier papers on the subject were published in The 

 Phytologist, years 1842-1844, and localities of collection were noted, 

 as Cotswold Hills (Lees), Lancashire coast at Southport (W. Wil- 

 son), and Southport, Kent and Sussex (Somerville) ; but this 

 praiseworthy habit was not continued by later investigators. Rayner 

 (1911)^ said that her Calluna was common on chalk downs of the 

 south of England where collections were presumably made; and 

 Harley (1937) made his collections of beech in the Chiltern Hills. 

 Only two English papers deal at all with distribution of endophytic 

 structures: Ridler (1922) cites various localities where Pellia myco- 

 thalli grow, while Paulson (1923) cites birch from Epping Forest 

 and in the following year listed certain trees as mycorrhizal in wood- 

 lands of south-eastern England, viz. Quercus Rohur, Fagiis sylvatica, 

 Carpimis Betulus, Betula alba, Castanea sativa, Pinus syhestris and 

 ■ Taxus baccata. 



For the north-east of Scotland, I. Gordon (1936) cites 16 species 

 of broad-leaved trees as mycorrhizal and 8 species as having no mycor- 

 rhizae; but as these eight are oaks, maples, etc., one would suppose 

 they might be reinvestigated with profit. Strawberry plants in the 

 Clyde Valley are mycorrhizal according to O'Brien (1928). The one 

 Welsh paper (Sampson, 1935) deals with Loliiim, the one Irish 

 paper (Jennings, 1898) with Corallorhiza from the eastern 

 Alps. The British Isles offer an almost virgin field to the student of 

 mycorrhizal distribution. 



Lowlands and Scandinavia: — Crossing back to the Lowland 

 countries, we find little information about mycorrhizae. Hesselink 

 (1924) wrote on mycorrhizae of pines in afforestation of the 

 Netherlands dunes, and there is a paper on hepatics; but future 

 studies must tell of mycorrhizal structures in woods of Limburg or 

 in plantings of The Bosch. In Denmark, pine is mycorrhizal in the 

 brush-lands of Jutland (P. E. Muller, 1902) ; and so is the im- 



