Kelley — 60 — Mycotrophy 



served by Rayner (1938) who brought together data from several 

 African forestry stations on growth of gymnosperms with or without 

 soil inocula, — notes from Taganyika, Nyasaland, and Rhodesia. In 

 South Africa, Auret (1930) wrote on the hepatic Lunularia, and 

 Smith & Pope (1934) on the exotic Eucalyptus. For Madagascar 

 there is a paper by Heim (1937), who says that clove trees in the east 

 of Madagascar and on the island of St. Mary possess a Pythium-like. 

 mycorrhizal fungus. Three papers come from Egypt, two of them 

 being on cotton while the third deals with several garden plants, — 

 all mycorrhizal. Africa offers a great opportunity for original work 

 in this field. 



Asia: — Continuing with Asia, we find that the forests of this 

 greatest of all continents, whether tropical or temperate, are unex- 

 plored by students of our science : nothing is known of possible 

 mycorrhizae on the high plateaus or in the vast taiga, in arctic lands 

 or in the high mountains. All the reports that come to us from the 

 mainland of Asia are from India except that Reed (1935) says Citrus 

 is mycorrhizal in Malaya. From India come two papers on Casuarina, 

 which is of course not a native; from Tocklai in N. E. India Tun- 

 stall (1925) reports on tea mycorrhizae; while Chaudhuri (1925- 

 35) tells of the hepatics. Butler (1939) found phycomycetoid in- 

 fection in a number of cultivated plants in Indian plantations. And 

 it may be noted that Litchi chinensis of China was found possessing 

 short roots and intracellular infection when imported into the U.S.A. 

 (Coville, 1921). 



So much for the continent. In Ceylon, mycorrhizae are also 

 found on tea roots (Park, 1928) ; while Parsons (1938) gives us 

 notes on orchid cultivation and orchid rhizoctonial fungi from the 

 island. For Sumatra there is a paper by Palm (1930) who said 

 that a Boletus, probably B. palUdus, was observed to grow in associa- 

 tion with Pimts Merkusii in forests of Sumatra where ground vegeta- 

 tion was sparse and needle litter deep and compact. From Borneo 

 a paper by Posthumus (1937) tells us that Legitmiuosae, often in 

 symbiosis with bacteria, are frequent in the dry savannas of the 

 Padang Loewai in E. Borneo, taking the place of mycorrhizae of 

 acid soils. 



Java: — It is Java, however, that is the principal seat of mycor- 

 rhizal study in these great islands, for in Java are found the Buiten- 

 zorg Botanical Gardens where some of the best known students of 

 our science have worked. Chief of all was Janse (1897), whose 

 classic paper records presence of endophytes in selected cases through- 



