Kelley — 62 — Mycotrophy 



From the Dutch East Indies in general come these reports : Casua- 

 rina equisetifolia growing on coral islands of the bay of Batavia 

 possesses root nodules like those of legumes (Kamerling, 1911). A 

 paper on non-symbiotic germination of orchids by La Garde (1939). 

 Hevea rubber trees in the D.E.I, are endotrophically mycorrhizal 

 (d'Angremond, 1939). A method of mycorrhizal staining by 

 Frahm-Leliveld (1941). 



Japan: — This country has produced a third of the students of our 

 science in the Orient. Earliest among them was Kusano (1911), 

 whose study of the orchid Gastrodia attracted much attention; while 

 later Hamada (1939) studied Galeola from the Kyoto district, these 

 being the two orchids studied in Japan. Nodulous plants have attracted 

 more attention, Coriaria having been studied by Katakoa (1930) and 

 Shibata (1917); Podocarpus by Kondo (1931), Mimura (1933), 

 and Shibata I.e.; Alnus by Masui (1926) and previously by Shi- 

 bata (1902) ; Myrica by Shibata I.e. Conifers, another of the my- 

 corrhizal favourites, attracted Masui (1926), Shimizu (1930), and 

 Tazoye (1940), the last describing rootlets of coniferous seedlings 

 but saying nothing of mycorrhizae. Nakai (1933) wrote on the fern, 

 Cheiropleuria. Two papers only give insight into geographical distri- 

 bution of mycorrhizal plants in Japan. 



Takamatsu (1930) wrote on the solfatara plants in the region 

 of Hakkoda, studying all the 28 species that existed there, a number 

 limited by the high acidity of such soils; and he found 6 of the 28 

 fungus-free. These six were grasses and sedges, hydrangea and 

 Aletris, and Pteridiiim which is elsewhere known to be mycorrhizal. 

 The mycorrhizal species are Piniis, Betula, Salix, various ericads with 

 other shrubs, and some herbs. Asai (1934) presented a well-organ- 

 ized paper in which he reported presence or absence of mycorrhizae 

 from many plants in various habitats. He stated that mycorrhizae are 

 absent from Polygonaceae, Centrospermae and close relatives : ecto- 

 trophic mycorrhizae are limited to a few families and most mycor- 

 rhizae are endotrophic. Collections were made in a tropical island, 

 an alpine mountain of Japan, on the seacoast, fields and cultivated soil. 

 Many grasses were found to be mycorrhizal, and a Drosera. Specific 

 localities, as given by Schlicht, are not given by Asai ; but he does 

 give a good idea of root structures of a considerable cross-section of 

 the Japanese flora. 



New Zealand: — The first New Zealand paper (Cavers, 1903) 

 on fungal symbionts was appropriately on a liverwort, Monoclea 

 Forsteri, described from these pleasant islands of the South Pacific; 



