Kelley — 64 — Mycotrophy 



further study : he found 27 species of legumes infected in the same 

 way as Jones (1924) had described; roots of other crops and fodder 

 plants, weeds and native plants were examined and a large majority 

 were found to be infected to some extent with fungi. Piniis insignis 

 and Eucalyptus rubida had ectotrophic mycorrhizae. All species of 

 legumes (27) and grasses (30) were found to be mycorrhizal. Like- 

 wise in South Australia, Eardley (1932) described mycorrhizae of 

 P. radiata. In Western Australia, according to Kessell (1938), "it 

 appears to be part of the standard practice to inoculate nurseries . . . 

 with the appropriate fungi, thus obtaining normal growth of the tree 

 plants; the infected plants when put in the forest are said to infect 

 the soil quite satisfactorily." 



Besides these papers which give us information on mycorrhizae 

 by states, there are several general Australian papers. Three papers 

 tell us about mycorrhizae of pine : Cromer (1935) on those of planted 

 P. radiata; Burbidge (1936) on root development of P. pinaster and 

 the seasonal variation of its mycorrhizae; Ludbrook (1940) on a 

 correlation between mycorrhizae and boron deficiency in plantation 

 soils. PiTTMAN (1929) described mycorrhizomes in the orchid 

 Rhizanthella, and listed "mycorrhizae" for about a dozen other sorts. 

 Fraser (1931) presented an unusual study on the genus Lobelia, of 

 which two species are said to maintain an obligate relationship with 

 mycorrhizal fungi. 



Thus, in the splendid series of Australian papers much is given in 

 regard to mycorrhizae of exotics, and something of the native flora; 

 and there are some excellent detailed studies. Yet the student of my- 

 corrhizal distribution finds almost a blank page for Australian native 

 flora, for there are no records for the lower plants and a very limited 

 representation of the higher plants. Indeed, practically all of the 

 Australian flora is yet to be investigated for occurrence of mycor- 

 rhizae ; and the same may be said for that of Africa, Asia, South 

 America and North America apart from the U.S.A. The Hawaiian 

 and other Pacific islands are yet to be studied for root-structures, ex- 

 cept that for the Philippines one paper is reported (Hatch, 1937). 



South America: — Several papers treat of South American mycor- 

 rhizae : They were described from several Brazilian species of 

 SciapJiila by Poulsen (1886) ; while Macfarlane (1897) described 

 a mycorrhiza from Philesia, a liliaceous plant of western Patagonia. 

 Mycorrhizae were recorded for Citrus by Milanez (1940), for the 

 first time for South America, it is said. Marchionatto (1940) has 

 a preliminary note on the endophyte of Lolium in Chile; while from 

 Chile also' came the Solanum Maglia used by Bernard (1911). Cacao 



