Lecture V — 65 — Distribution 



is mycorrhizal in Venezuela (Laycock, 1945). In addition, a paper 

 by Berggren (1887) treated of austral conifers, including Arancaria, 

 but no localities were given. An article has been published recently 

 by Ca STELLA NOs On nodules of alder in mountains of Argentina 

 (Lilloa 10:413-416, 1944). To sum up the matter, there is not yet 

 a single paper devoted to mycorrhizal distribution in South America. 



West Indies and Central America: — For the West Indian 

 islands four studies may be cited: Johow (1885) published a paper 

 on West Indian saprophytes belonging chiefly to the genera Burman- 

 nia and Apteria. Mycorrhizae of sugar-cane in San Domingo were 

 studied by Ciferri (1928), who has also published on mycorrhizae 

 of the Burmanniaceae (1946). A fuller description of cacao mycor- 

 rhizae is given by Laycock & Dale (1945). A brief note by Palm 

 (1930) on pine in Guatemala is all that can be said for mycorrhizal 

 distribution in Central America. With botanical facilities available in 

 the Panama Canal Zone and in Puerto Rico and with the example of 

 the Buitenzorg Gardens before them, it would seem that the Ameri- 

 cans might match the splendid contributions from the Dutch East 

 Indies with some good studies of mycorrhizae in the American tropics. 



North America: — In North America there are no mycorrhizal 

 studies whatever to report from Mexico or from Alaska, while from 

 Canada come three papers, — a neat study of Taxus from Quebec 

 (Prat, 1934) ; a short note by Lewis (1924) on Picca of Alberta; 

 and a citation of raspberry (Rtibus) by Berkeley (1936). In other 

 words. North America, apart from the U.S.A. is yet to be explored 

 for root structures of plants. 



North-eastern U.S.A.: — There is not very much known of 

 mycorrhizal distribution in the U.S.A. New England, oldest center 

 of learning in the country, has told us nothing of the subject, except 

 that Ames (1921 et seq.) described "mycorrhizae" for some orchids 

 while Stokey (1924) reported fungal infection of Lycopodium 

 prothallia in western Massachusetts. Epigaea from Connecticut pro- 

 vided Barrows (1936) with material for her studies. For the Middle 

 Atlantic States there are two papers by Henry that tell us of the 

 Wading River region of Long Island (1934) and of Butler County 

 in western Pennsylvania (1933). For Long Island he lists all the 

 pines and junipers, birch, chestnut, oaks, maples and ericads, showing 

 that a cross-section of a pine-barren area exhibits all the woody plants 

 as mycorrhizal. In western Pennsylvania, in a deciduous forest area, 

 he reported 60 species of woody plants as mycorrhizal, — a large 



