Lecture V — 67 — Distribution 



actually pseudomycorrhizae. Prothallia of the fern Botrychium vir- 

 ginianum collected in Grosse Isle contained an endophyte according 

 to Jeffrey (1898). Two papers on connection of sporophores to 

 tree roots come from Michigan (Kauffman, 1906; Pennington, 

 1908), Kauffman noting mycorrhizae on oak, sugar maple and 

 Celastrus at Ann Arbor. For cultivated plants, A. H. Smith (1930) 

 described endotrophic mycorrhizae for various fruit trees about Ann 

 Arbor. Freeman (1904) made studies of Loliiim at the University of 

 Minnesota. In an unpublished paper, Kelley described root-endings 

 for woody plants of the Kawishiwi Ranger District of the Superior 

 National Forest (northern Minnesota), all the species proving my- 

 corrhizal. In Iowa, Lohman (1927) made a valuable study of the 

 "occurrence and nature of mycorrhizae in Iowa forest plants", collec- 

 tions having been made in central and northwestern Iowa. Seventy 

 mdividual plants were studied (16 being ferns) in 40 species of which 

 20 had a constant root endophyte, 5 an occasional, while 15 were 

 fungus-free. For Missouri, there is a paper from a forest nursery 

 where Miller (1938) studied influence of mycorrhizae on growth 

 of short-leaf pine seedlings (presumably P. echinata). From St. 

 Louis come several papers on exotic orchids. 



Rocky Mountains: — In the Rocky Mountains, mycorrhizae are 

 found on 8 spp. of trees and 3 spp. of Cercocarpiis (McDougall & 

 Jacobs, 1927) ; and ectotrophic mycorrhizae on certain trees of the 

 Uinta Basin of Utah are described by Henry (1936), who also re- 

 corded absence of mycorrhizae from 7 spp. A survey of northern 

 Colorado flora bearing mycorrhizae was made by Thomas (1943), 

 listing 21 families. 



Pacific Coast: — On the Pacific Coast, studies come only from 

 California except that there is one paper from Oregon that deals with 

 nursery trees. The three principal species of the scrub vegetation or 

 chaparral of Jasper Ridge, vis. Adenostoma, Quercus and Arcto- 

 sfaphylos are mycorrhizal in sand and clay as well as in humus 

 (Cooper, 1922). Sarcodes was collected at San Bernardino by 

 Oliver (1890), and presumably MacDougal's (1900) collections 

 were Calif ornian since the plant occurs nowhere else. More lately 

 (1944), MacDougal & Dufrenoy report on Aplectrum, Coral- 

 lorhiza and Pinus Torreyana. Smaller roots of celery were heavily 

 infected with fungus in delta peat soil (Rawlins, 1925) ; while Reed 

 & Fremont (1934) found mycorrhizae generally present on Citrus 

 in California. 



