CRATERIUM 97 



have been unable to determine what the authors really had before 

 them, and adopt accordingly the first available combination. 



New England and Ontario to Iowa and south; reported also from 

 Moldavia, Japan and the oriental tropics. 



5. Craterium minuttjm {Leers) Fr. 



Syst. Myc. 3 : 151. 1829. 

 PL VII, Figs. 138, 139, 140. 



1775. Peziza minuta Leers, Fl. Herborn. 277. 



1787. Cyathus minutus (Leers) Hoffm., Veg. Crypt. 6. 



1797. Craterium pedunculatum Trent., in Roth, Cat. Bot. 1 : 224. 



1803. Physarum turbinatum Schum., Enum. PL Saell. 2 : 205. 



1803. Physarum pedunculatum (Trent.) Schum., Enum. PL Sasll. 2 : 205. 



1813. Craterium vulgare Ditmar, in Sturm, Deutsch. Fl. Pilze 17. 



1813. Craterium pyriforme Ditmar, in Sturm, Deutsch. Fl. Pilze 19. 



1829. Craterium nutans Fr., Syst. Myc. 3 : 151. 



1829. Craterium turbinatum (Schum.) Fr., Syst. Myc. 3 : 152. 



1875. Craterium cerstedtii Rost., Mon. 120. 



1875. Craterium friesii Rost., Mon. 122. 



1892. Craterium confusum Massee, Mon. 263. 



Sporangia scattered, gregarious, cyathiform or turbinate, grayish 

 brown or yellow, stipitate, the peridial wall rather thick, double, 

 opening by a distinct lid which lies usually below the slightly thickened 

 and everted margin of the cup; stipe paler, translucent, about equalling 

 in height the peridial cup, longitudinally wrinkled, with hypothallus 

 scant or none; capillitium physaroid, the calcareous nodules large, 

 white, and generally aggregated at the center of the cup; spore-mass 

 black, spores by transmitted light violaceous, minutely warted, 8-10 fx. 

 Plasmodium bright yellow to orange. 



This is the most highly differentiated of the whole series. The cup 

 is shapely and well defined, while the lid is not only distinct, but is a 

 thin, delicate membrane of slightly different structure when compared 

 with the peridial wall. It is in most material before us depressed below 

 the mouth of the sporangium. The whole structure in such specimens 

 corresponds with Fries' description of C. pedunculatum Trent., while 

 specimens received from Europe correspond to Fries' account of 

 C. minutum Leers. Nevertheless we are assured that the two forms are 

 in Europe developed from the same Plasmodium, and therefore adopt 

 the earlier specific name as above. This is probably Peziza convi- 

 valis of Batsch and Micheli. Miss Currie reports the yellow phase 

 from Toronto and we have a number of yellow gatherings from Europe. 



Common throughout the eastern United States and Canada, west 

 to Oregon and Washington, and south to Louisiana; cosmopolitan. 



